Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
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Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searche Gradation Optimization - Literature Search.5. Report Date: January, 2005.6. Performing Organization Code:7. Author(s): David N Richardson.8. Performing Organization Report No.:9. Performing Organization Name and Address: University of Missouri - Rolla. Department of Civil. Architectural, and Envir Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchonmental Engineering. Rolla. Missouri.10. Work Unit No.:11. Contract or Grant No.: RI 98 - 035.12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address: Missouri DepartAggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
ment of Transportation. Research. Development and Technology. PO Box 270. Jefferson City. MO. 65102.13. Type of Report: Final Report.14. Sponsoring AgTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search Federal16. Abstract: A brief analysis of cunent MoDOT specified limits on gradations was undertaken. Depending on which side (fine or course) the gradations were running in relation to the limits, various combinations of sand and course aggregates A. B. or D were all over the Coarseness Factor char Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searcht, with behavior ranging from rocky to good to sandy.17. Keywords: Aggregate, gradation, concrete, optimization, sand, coarseness factor, gap-graded,Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
well-graded, percent retained. ASTM c 33.18. Distribution Statement: No restrictions. This document is available to the public through National TechniTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search. No. of22. Price: page):Pages: Unclassified.113.Form DOT Fl 700.7 (06/98)AGGREGATE GRADATION OPTIMIZATIONLITERATURE SEARCHTASK ORDER CONTRACT NO. Rl 98-035Prepared forMISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONByDAVID N. RICHARDSONDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSIT Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature SearchY OF MISSOURI-ROLLAROLLA, MISSOURI38353iiEXECUTIVE SUMMARYFor almost 100 years, efforts have been made to achieve desired concrete properties throughAggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
adjustments in aggregate gradation. Initial efforts dealt with the concept of maximum density with the idea that a denser gradation would contain feweTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchhe overall aggregate gradation started to be removed for use in other products, and typical practice evolved into the use of two distinct aggregate fractions, coarse and fine, for routine production of concrete. Many times this left the gradations in a gap-graded state. In the early 1970's, Shilston Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searche began to propose that the industry revert to a more well-graded set of materials. He developed and promoted the evaluation of total gradations on aAggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
volume basis, not a weight basis, by use of the following analysis charts: 1) the individual percent retained plot, 2) the Coarseness Factor Chart, anTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchcommended. The use of aggregates that would not necessarily meet ASTM c 33 specifications was put forth as a possibility. Certain state DOT'S (Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Washington) as well as other specifying agencies (ACPA. MCIB, USAF), have formally adopted some form of the concept of optimization Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchof aggregate gradations. A number of other states are in the stages of considering optimizationiiiand allowing it on an experimental, case-by-case basAggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
is. Based on discussions on the internet, private industry seems to have moved forward more quickly than the public sector. Several commonly used specTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchnd ACI 304.A side issue related to the general concept of optimization is the so-called "8-18" band. The consensus, even among specifiers, seems to be that the 8-18 (or 8-22) should be used as a guide and an ideal to strive for, not a rule, knowing that absolute adherence may be too costly to be of Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchpractical use.Concurrent with the Shilstone movement is the growing body of specifiers that want a return to coarser, higher fineness modulus sands toAggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Search
get away from water demand related shrinkage issues.Most reports of the use of aggregate optimization point out the benefits of using a more well-graTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: Aggregate Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchixtures tend not to have as many problems as gap-graded mixes in terms of pavement edge slump, segregation during vibration, finishing, raveling at joints, and wear resistance. One of the main benefits of characterizing the mix as a single point on a Coarseness Factor-type chart is the ability to ad Aggregate Gradation Optimization -- Literature Searchapt to changing gradations in a timely manner.TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: AggregateTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1. Report No.: RDT 05 - 001.2. Government Accession No.:3. Recipient’s Catalog No.:4. Title and Subtitle: AggregateGọi ngay
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