Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
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Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript to target repetitive negative thinking in GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder and DepressionColette R. Hirsch1, Charlotte Krahé1, Jessica Whyte1, Sofia Loizou1, Livia Bridge1, SamNorton1, and Andrew Mathews2‘Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’sCollege Londo Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptn, London, UK.department of Psychology. University of California, Davis, California, USACorrespondence:*Dr Colette HirschDepartment of Psychology, InsHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
titute of Psychiatry; Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonDe Crespigny ParkLondon SE5 8AFEmail: colette.hirsch@kcl.ac.uk1Interpretation trInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptination in depression, is often targeted during psychological treatments. To test the hypothesis that negative interpretation bias contributes to worry and rumination, we assessed the effects of inducing more positive interpretations in reducing RNT.Method: Volunteers diagnosed with GAD (66) or Depr Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptession (65) were randomly allocated to one of two versions of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM-I), either with or without RNT priming prior to traininHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
g), or a control condition, each involving 10 internet-delivered sessions. Outcome measures of interpretation bias, a behavioral RNT task and self-repInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptres only).Results: CBM-I training, across diagnostic groups, promoted a more positive interpretation bias and led to reductions in worry, rumination, and depressive symptoms, which were maintained at follow up. Anxiety symptoms were reduced only in the GAD group at follow up. There were no differenc Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptes between CBM-I versions; brief priming of RNT did not influence CBM-I effectiveness. Level of interpretation bias post training partially mediated tHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
he effects of CBM-1 on follow-up questionnaire scores.Conclusions: In contrast to some recent failures to demonstrate improvements following internet-Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscription bias in both worry and rumination, suggesting a useful role for CBM-I within treatments for anxiety and depression.Key words: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); Depression; interpretation bias; cognitive bias modification (CBM); repetitive negative thinking2Interpretation training for repetitiv Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscripte negative thinkingPublic Health Significance StatementsMany people worry about the future, or mull over negative events from the past (rumination).ThHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
ese types of unhelpful repetitive negative thinking can maintain clinical anxiety and depression. This study indicates that simple regular practice inInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptression, and also improves mood.3Interpretation training for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation Training to Target Repetitive Negative Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and DepressionRepetitive negative thinking (RNT) occurs in many emotional disorders, with worry and rumination being Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript the two most obvious examples. Uncontrollable worn,' about multiple future events is central to the diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD),Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
while rumination (repeatedly thinking about past or current concerns) is more often reported (along with worry) in Depression. Both these forms of RNTInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptrseverative nature. These overlapping characteristics, as well as their cooccurrence within individuals and across disorders, have led to them being conceptualized as a transdiagnostic process termed repetitive negative thinking (Drost, van der Does, van Hemert, Penninx, & Spinhoven, 2014).Although Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptsimilar in many respects, worry and rumination are sometimes described as differing in content, with worry focused on possible future threats and rumiHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
nation more likely to concern past/ongoing personal failures. Consequently, it remains unclear whether they are underpinned by the same cognitive mechInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript clinical disorders. For example, rumination prolongs depression episodes (Watkins, 2008) and worn- maintains anxiety (Hirsch & Mathews, 2012).Hirsch and Mathews (2012) identified three critical processes thought to underlie pathological worry, namely emotional processing biases favoring negative in Hirsch JCCP author accepted manuscriptformation, a verbal thinking style, and deficits in attentional control. In the current study, we focus on emotional processing biases and specificallHirsch JCCP author accepted manuscript
y on negative interpretation bias - the tendency to habitually interpret ambiguous information as negative or threatening - and investigate whether thInterpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation training Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingRunning head: Interpretation (raining for repetitive negative thinkingInterpretation trainingGọi ngay
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