“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
Work and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”Poverty La Follette School of Public Affairs Department of EconomicsRobert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs University of Wisconsin - Madison 1225 Observatory Drive Madison. WI 53706-1211Tel. (608) 265-6025Fax(608)265-3233wallacegilafQllette.witt.eduRobert HavemanInstitute for Research on Pov “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”erty La Follette School of Public Affairs Department of EconomicsRobert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs University of Wisconsin - Madison 1225“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
Observatory Drive Madison. WI 53706-1211Tel. (608) 262-4585 Fax (608) 265-3233 haYfliiaiiiglaiQltene.wisGfidu39234AbstractThe employment and earningsWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”cause information may differ substantially across these sources, it Is difficult both to identify the true effects of these Interventions and to compare evaluation estimates of these interventions tlrat rely on these different data sources. This paper uses data gathered as part of the Wisconsin Chil “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”d Support Demonstration Evaluation to examine the extent to which administrative (unemployment insurance) and survey records on employment and earning“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
s for a sample of low-skilled women are congruent. Our findings suggest that there are substantial differences in both mean earnings and mean employmeWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”n these data sources in the definition of earnings or the method of data collection. We also examine the differences between U1 and survey sources in estimates of employment and earnings growth among low-skilled women.Work and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Co “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”nsistent Information?I. INTRODUCTIONFor reasons that are nol well understood, welfare receipt and welfare income have been inc reasingly underreported“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
in national surveys. While underreporting of welfare receipt has always been a problem in national surveys, it has grown worse since stales began impWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI” measured welfare receipt (as they were designed to do in larger states before welfare reform), it seems doubtful that state-level comparisons would be reliable given the dramatic decrease in caseloads—from over 5 million to about 2 million—since 1994.Because of these difficulties associated with na “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”tional survey data, researchers have turned to state-level survey and administrative data to evaluate the impacts of welfare reform and to monitor the“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
post-reform outcomes for target populations. One common form of data consists of cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys administered to a subset of Work and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”ion Is from stale administrative data containing work and earnings information gathered as part of employers’ reports to (he Unemployment Insurance System (UI).The potential existence of two sources of information cm individual-level earnings for individual stales makes it cliffic uh to compare resu “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”lts within and across stales. In this paper, w e explore the extent ol different es in individual employment and earnings measures between those colle“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
c ted as part ol a careful survey ol 2,200 welfare-oriented women in Wisconsin and those reported by employers to the UI system. Doth sources of (lataWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”son, the Wisconsin Child Support Demonstration Evaluation (CSDE).2In the CSDE project, single, low-skilled female resident parents in the state of Wisconsin who receive or have received welfare cash assistance are studied over time in an effort to assess their behavioral responses to a specific refo “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”rm in child support policy. In the study, 100 percent of the child support paid by noncustodial parents is passed through to the treatment group, and“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
41 percent to a maximum of S50 per month is passed through to the control group. The CSDE survey Is comprehensive, inquiring about a variety of indiviWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI” and the earnings associated with that work is sought for each respondent. Uniquely, the survey also inquires about a detailed set of work-related attributes, such as the nature of the payments made (e.g., wages, tips, or the receipt of monetary payments from odd jobs), and the number of jobs held i “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”n a year. We use this information in analyzing the potential sources of differences in reports of work and earnings between the survey and the adminis“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
trative UI data.1 The project also obtained detailed information on the work and earnings of each covered person included in the program from employerWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”y earnings.Our analysis proceeds as follows. In Sections II through IV we examine differences in the definitions of work and earnings between the survey and UI reports and in the data collection methods. These differences suggest a number of reasons for discrepancies between work and earnings report “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”s in the two data sources, and between these information sources and some unknown ‘true’ value of earnings. Data from the two sources reveal the exten“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
t of the discrepancies between them. In Section V we use information available in the CSDE survey regarding the personal characteristics, location, exWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”led women are reflected in explanations of the questions asked of survey respondents regarding the nature and extent of their work and earnings. In seeking information about earnings, it was explained that the question referred to “the total income you earned from all jobs combined during ... (the y “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”ear].” The respondent was explicitly told to exclude any money that was received from the public workforce/welfare agency, even though that payment re“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
quired a specific amount of work. Self-employment was explained, and respondents were told that income from this activity Is also to be included. In cWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”use, and job characteristics of the workers in our sample to examine the correlates of the work and earnings discrepancies and the extent to which our conjectures regarding the sources of these discrepancies are able to explain the observed patterns. Finally, Sections VI and VII explore the extent t “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”o which the use of survey or UI data affects empirical estimates of the determinants of employment and earnings and estimates of the levels and change“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
s in these variables across groups of workers. Section VII concludes.II. SOURCES OF EARNINGS AND EMPLOYMENT DIFFERENCES IN SURVEY AND UI RECORDSRelatiWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI” earnings and employment may be underreported, reflecting potential incentives for both employees and employers to underreport earnings together with the difficulty in tracking some sources of income. For example, while the full amount of receipts of each employee's tips, bonuses, and commissions ar “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”e required to appear in employer reports to the UI system, the incentives to underreport, combined with the difficulty of tracking income from these s“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
ources, make it likely that they are consistently underreported. Underreporting also exists because some employment categories are exempt from Ul repoWork and Earnings of Low-Skilled Women:Do Employee and Employer Reports Provide Consistent Information?Geoffrey L. Wallace Institute for Research on P “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”ated that UI records cover about 91 percent of Wisconsin workers. Workers may be falsely classified into these exempt categories, resulting in underreports of both earnings and employment in the Ul data. Underreports in the Ul data can also occur because the earnings of workers residing in one state “LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI” and working in another are unlikely to be reported by the employer to the UI system in the state of the employee's residence.2 The Ul reporting syste“LA LIBERTA’ DI STABILIMENTO IN AMBITO EUROPEO E TUTELA DEI DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI”
m may also contain erroneous work and earnings information due to errors in recording Social Security numbers or in matching UI wage records. These erGọi ngay
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