SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
Running head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0JacksonThe University of Alabama at Birmingham* -This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Peabody Journal of Education electronically on June 29. 2015, available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2015.l044288.' No part of this manuscript may be used or SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this manuscript may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in anySI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise.Author Note: A portion of tRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0uity and Diversity. Some of the ideas in this article were presented at the 2014 annual convention of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) in Memphis. TN. The views presented here are those of the author and not necessarily those held by the funding agencies.Cor SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0respondence should be sent to: Tondra L. Loder-Jackson. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. School of Education. Department of Human Studies. EBSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
219. 1720 2nd Avenue South. Birmingham. Alabama 35294-1250. Email: tloderíứ uab.edu.Running head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION2AbstrRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0amines social and political transformations in the Birmingham City Schools (BCS) and some of its surrounding metropolitan school districts during the pre- and post-classical phases of the American Civil Rights Movement. The BCS. in particular, has encountered a fate similar to urban districts across SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 the u. s. South and nation, most notably, severe fiscal, social, and economic problems precipitated by historic racial inequities, the exodus of middSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
le-class White and African American students and families to the surrounding suburbs, and increased enrollment of students who are socially and economRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0, and financial commitments from federal, state, and local governments. The question deliberated is whether or not post-civil rights Birmingham can reignite its renowned civic capacity, which is grounded in its historic role as a bastion of the civil rights movement, to address these pressing concer SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ns. This question is considered in light of decidedly altered municipal and educational contexts that are more metropolitan, ethnically and linguisticSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
ally diverse, and socioeconomically stratified.Running head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION3The Sociopolitical Context of Education inRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0tage; most infiimously. they see the images of former Public Safety Commissioner. Eugene "Bull" Connor’s incitement of vicious police dogs and powerfill waler hoses onto innocent, nonviolent protesters, many of whom were youth (Eskew. 1997; Garrow. 1989; McWhorter. 2001). Although this revealing yet SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 narrow segment of Birmingham's history receives repetitive coverage during the nation's periodic reflections on its troubled racial past, very littleSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
is known about Birmingham's educational history' and its relationship to contemporary’ schooling (Loder-Jackson, 2011, 2012, in press). This is a curRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ty', which culminated legally in the landmark 1954 Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Supreme Court decision, set the stage for local civil rights leaders and citizens, most notably. Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the families he enlisted as legal plaintiffs, to dismantle racial segregat SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ion in Birmingham's public schools (Leech. September 17. 2010; Spencer. October 9, 2011; WhileSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
nniversary'of the watershed civil rights year in 2013. and the 60th commemoration of Brown in 2014. Birmingham's contemporary educational context is mRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ars since Brown, the Binningham City Schools (BCS) have encountered the same fate as many urban schools across the United States: most notably, severe fiscal, social, and economic problems precipitated by historic racial inequities; the exodus of middle-class White and African American students and SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0families to the surrounding suburbs: increasedRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION4enrollment of students who are socially andSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
economically disenfranchised: inter- and intraracial school governance controversies; and shrinking legal, political, and financial commitments from Running head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ol crisis (Miron. 1996). Similar to some large urban school districts in the Northeast and Midwest, the BCS recently underwent a state takeover followed by a looming threat of losing its accreditation with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) it' fiscal and school board governance SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 issues were not resolved (Leech, June 27, 2012, November 1, 2012). The district also recently completed a search for a new superintendent after its lSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
ong-embattled superintendent resigned (Underwood. October 7, 2014, May 12. 2015). Birmingham school reformers are attempting to rekindle the grassrootRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 that are more metropolitan.ethnically and linguistically diverse, and economically polarizing than ever before.A brief review of Birmingham's civil rights and educational history, and how this history is embedded within the sociopolitical context of urban schools, offers a useful framework for unde SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0rstanding this dilemma.1 The subsequent analysis of local and national urban school contexts is considered in light of historical perspectives, changiSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
ng racial and socioeconomic urban municipal demographics, and the shifting racial dynamics of urban school governance. Furthermore, this analysis addrRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0yoral takeovers of large urban school districts.A Brief History of Birmingham’s Civil Rights and Public Education StrugglesRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION5Birmingham's history as one of the pivotal centers of the civil rights movement provides a unique context for examin SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ing contemporary civic capacity in urban schools. Given the recalcitrant and violent resistance of many White residents and municipal and school leadeSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
rs prior to Brown. this Supreme Court decision quite plausibly would not have been enacted had it not been for the bravery and tenacity of a contingenRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0seling the wall of segregation separating Black and White children (Eskew. 1997; Dolgin, Fryday & Helfand, 2011; Huntley & McKerley, 2009; McWhorter. 2001; Spencer, October 9. 2011; White & McManis. 2000). Shuttlesworth’s organization, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). compris SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0ed largely of pastors, church members, and local citizens, organized to fill the void of the state-banned NAACP. ACMHR was central to mobilizing grassSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
roots community support for desegregation (Eskew, 1997; Spencer. October 9. 2011: White & McManis. 2000). as it petitioned the Birmingham Board of EduRunning head: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF BIRMINGHAM EDUCATION1The Sociopolitical Context of Education in Post-Civil Rights Birmingham*Tondra L. Loder-J SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0 his supporters’ efforts every step of the way. The Alabama state school superintendent reminded Shuttlesworth and his comrades that "the people of Alabama voted to change the Constitution of this State, and thereby abolished the right of education or training of any individual at public expense" (S SI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0huttlesworth ef aỉ. V. BBOE). The superintendent went on to warn them: "I think you will destroy what you already have if you refuse to cooperate withSI 2008-11 - Proclamation 3 of 2008_Constituencies Proclamation (2008)_0
the decision of the local school board of education to place your child in the school they think will be best for your child" (Shuitiesworth ef aì. VGọi ngay
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