The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
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The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
CHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2little worth. This chapter outlines sonic of the basic methods of communications, both serial and parallel, between humans or machines and the microprocessor.In this chapter, we first introduce the basic 1/0 interface and discuss decoding for I/O devices. Then, we provide detail on parallel and seri The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2al interfacing, both of which have a variety of applications. To study applications, we connect analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, asThe intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
well as both DC and stepper motors to the microprocessor.CHAPTER OBJECTIVESUpon completion of this chapter, you w ill be able to:1.Explain the operatCHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2shaking and explain how to use it with 1/0 devices.4.Interface and program the 82C55 programmable parallel interface.5.Interface LCD displays. LED displays, keyboards. ADC. DAC. and various other devices to the 82C55.6.Interface and program the 16550 serial communications interface adapter.7.Interfa The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2ce and program the 8254 programmable interval timer.8.Interface an analog-to-digital converter and a digilal-to-analog converter to the microprocessorThe intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
.9.Interface both DC and stepper motors to the microprocessor.45231INTRODUCTION TO I/O INTERFACEIn this section of the text 1/0 instructions (IN. INS.CHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2I/O) and memory-mapped I/O, the basic input and output interfaces, and handshaking. A working knowledge of these topics makes it easier to understand the connection and377378CHAPTER 11operation of the programmable interface components and I/O techniques presented in the remainder of this chapter and The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2 text.The I/O InstructionsThe instruction set contains one type of instruction that transfers information to an I/O device (OUT) and another to read iThe intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
nformation from an 1/0 device (IN). Instructions (INS and OUTS, found on all versions except the 8086/8088) arc also provided to transfer strings of dCHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2 that transfer data between an I/O device and the microprocessor’s accumulator (AL. AX. or EAX) arc called IN and OUT. The I/O address is stored in register DX as a 16-bit I/O address or in the byte (p8) immediately following the Opcode as an 8-bit I/O address. Intel calls the 8-bit form (p8) a fixe The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2d address because it is stored with the instruction, usually in a ROM. The 16-bit I/O address in DX is called a variable address because it is storedThe intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
in a DX. and then used to address the I/O device. Other instructions that use DX to address I/O are the INS and OUTS instructions. I/O ports are 8 bitCHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2or example, port I OOH is accessed as a word, then I OOH and 101H arc actually accessed. Port I OOH contains the least significant part of the data and port 101H the most significant part.TABLE 11-1 InpuVOutput instructions.InstructionData WidthFunctionIN AL. p88A byte Is input into AL from port p8I The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2N AX. p816A word Is input into AX trom port p8IN EAX. p832A doubleword is input into EAX from port p8IN AL. DX8A byte is input into AL from the port aThe intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2
ddressed by DXIN AX. DX16A word is input into AX from the port addressed by DXIN EAX, DX32A doubleword is input into EAX from the port addressed by DXCHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of l The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2input from the port addressed by DI and stored into the extra segment memory location addressed by DI, then DI = DI ± 2INSD32A doubleword is input from the port addressed by DI and stored into the extra segment memory location addressed by DI. then DI = DI ± 4 The intel microprocessors architecture, programming, and interfacing – part 2CHAPTER 11Basic I/O InterfaceINTRODUCTIONA microprocessor is great al solving problems, but if it can't communicate with the outside world, it is of lGọi ngay
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