Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
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Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
PART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerng or computing documents, but have to be observed in their full actuality. Let us call them the imponderabilia of actual life. Here belong such things as the routine of a man’s working day, the details of his care of the body, of the manner of taking food and preparing it; the tone of conversationa Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerl and social life around the village Ines, the existence of strong friendships or hostilities, and of passing sympathies and dislikes between people;Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
the subtle yet unmistakable manner in which personal vanities and ambitions are reflected in the behaviour of the individual and in the emotional reacPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergert by a superficial registration of details, as is usually done by untrained observers, but with an effort at penetrating the mental altitude expressed in them.B ro n i s I a w M a I i n o w s k i, Argonauts ợ/t he Western PacificThe objects which surround US do not simply have utilitarian aspects; r Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerather they serve as a kind of mirror which reflects our own image. Objects which surround us permit us to discover more and more aspects of ourselves.Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
... In a sense, therefore, a knowledge of the soul of things is possibly a direct and new and revolutionary way of discovering the soul of man.ErnestPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerwer of Pisa, travel writer John Flinn discusses the way tourists in the 1960s saw the world. He writes (2003, p. C3): “Every European country was reduced to a quick, cartoonish cliche: France was the Eiffel Tower, England was Big Ben, Spain a bullfighter, Holland a windmill and Italy, of course, the Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger Leaning Tower.*’ I lis experience of seeing the tower, however, caused him to rethink his “jaded altitude toward those cliched icons. Maybe they're wVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
orth visiting after all," he added.Generally speaking, when tourists return from visiting a foreign country, they bring back memories of various experPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger be of people they've met, objects that attracted their attention, and places of great natural beauty or cultural interest they've seen. All of these are what semioticians call “signs.”After I discuss scholarly approaches to studying cultures and explain some fundamental aspects of semiotics, 1 will Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger analyze and interpret a number of the most important Vietnamese signs, such as pho, spring rolls, conical straw hats, and CIO clai costumes, signs thVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
at function as archetypal images of Vietnam for tourists.SC ỉ IOLA RL Y A PPROA CHES TO STUDYING FOREIGN CULTURESrhe quotations by Malinowski and DichPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergern insights into everyday life in w hatever country they are visiting. The great anlhropol-58\ IETSA1I TOTRISMogist Malinowski talked about the “imponderabilia" of everyday life—the objects people use, the rituals they practice, the routines they observe for cooking and eating food, the tone of their Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger social life—all of these things give tourists a sense of what the country they are visiting is really like. They offer insights into what we can descVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
ribe as a country's collective psyche and national character.Another writer who provides US with a methodology for understanding foreign cultures is tPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerrance, Mythologies (1972), is considered a classic, and so is his book about distinctive aspects of everyday life in Japan, Empire of Signs (1982). In the following section. I will briefly describe semiotics and the method of analysis that Barthes uses, and then 1 will offer an example of his style Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerof writing, namely his discussion of sukiyaki and Japanese cuisine.THE IDEAS OF ROLAND EARTHESThe Semiotics of CulturesLet me begin this discussion ofVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
semiotics with Barthes' Empire of Signs, his elegant and incisive study of Japanese culture. Barthes' style. 1 should point out. is quite distinctivePART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerwith Japan:If I want to imagine a fictive nation, I can give it an invented name, treat it declarative!}' as a novelislic object, create a new Garabagne, so as to compromise no real country by my fantasy (though it is then that fantasy itself I compromise by the signs of literature). I can also—thou Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergergh in no way claiming to represent or to analyze reality (these being the major gestures of Western discourse)—isolate somewhere in the world (farawayVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
) a certain number of features (a term employed in linguistics), and out of these features deliberately form a system. It is this system which I shallPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger The bookUnderstanding I ietnam: Culture and (ỉeograỊmy.)'/has twenty-seven short chapters, generally three to four pages in length, on such topics as Japanese chopsticks, sukiyaki, tempura. pachinko (a gambling game), packages, train stations, stationery stores, and spatial organization. Each chapt Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerer reveals interesting and important facts about Japan.Semiotics, the methodology Barthes employs, is defined as the science of the signs. (The GreekVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
term semeton means sign.) One of the founding fathers of semiotics, the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Sans-sure, explained that signs are composed OỈ' tPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerecognize that the relationship that exists between a sound-image and a concept is arbitrary and based on convention. That is, one has to learn what signs mean.de Saussure explains the structure of signs as follows:1 propose to retain the word sign (signe) to designate the whole and to replace concep Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergert and sound-image respectively by signified (signife) and signijier (significant )i the last two terms have the advantage of indicating the oppositionVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
that separates them from each other and from the whole of which they are parts. (1966, p. 67)Signs are, then, like pieces of paper: one side is the sPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergery language, facial expressions, clothing, and body ornaments are signs, revealing aspects of a person (if we know how to interpret these signs, that is). The science of semiotics is extremely complicated, and we need not go into it any further. What we must do is recognize that a semiotic analysis o Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerf a culture involves looking for important signs and interpreting them to discern what they reveal about the culture.Rawness in Japanese FoodLet me ofVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
fer a brief example of semiotic analysis from Barthes' Empire of Signs. In this selection he discusses “rawness,” an important signifier of Japanese fPART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergernt of you, on your table, without interruption while you are eating it. The raw substances (but peeled, washed, already garbed in an aesthetic nakedness, shiny, bright-colored, harmonious as a spring garment: "color, delicacy, loach, effect, harmony, relish—everything can be found here.. .”(1982. p. Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger 19)Barthes moves on, shortly after this passage, to speculations about the meaning of rawness. He writes:This Rawness, we know, is the tutelary divinVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
ity of Japanese food: to it everything is dedicated, and if Japanese cooking is always performed in front of the eventual diner (a fundamental featurePART ỉl I:SEMIOTIC VIETNAM— INTERPRETING THE COUNTRYThere is a series of phenomena of great importance which cannot possibly be recorded by questionin Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergerssentially visual; it denotes a certain colored state of the flesh or vegetable substance (it being understood that color is never exhausted by a catalogue of tints, but refers to a whole tactility of substance: thus sashimi exhibits not so much colors as resistances: those which vary the flesh of r Vietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa bergeraw fish, causing it to pass from one end of the tray to the other, through the stations of the soggy, the fibrous, the elastic, the compact, the roughVietnam tourism part 2 phd arthur asa berger
, the slippery). Entirely visual (conceived, concerted, manipulated for sight, and even for a painter's eye), food thereby says that it is not deep: tGọi ngay
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