Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2ferens, parts of the lower urinary tract, such as the urethra, adnexal genital glands, such as seminal vesicles and prostate, and the penis. In this chapter we will deal primarily with the pathologic changes of the testis, prostate and penis.TestisThe testis is the male gonad, whose principal functi Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2ons are to produce sperm and synthesize male sexual hormones. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules, membrane bound hollow tubesEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
containing germ cells in various stages of maturation and Sertoli cells (Fig. 8.1). The peritubular interstitial spaces contain Leydig cells, the pri8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2al development of the testis begins with the formation of genital fold on the posterior side of the fetal abdominal (coelomic) cavity. Once formed, the testes slowly descend tluough the inguinal canal into the scrotum, which they reach during the last stages of pregnancy. Incomplete descent of the t Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2estes into their normal scrotal position is called cryptorchidism. Bilateral cryptorchidism may cause infertility. Cryptorchidism is also a risk factoEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
r for genn cell tumors.Cryptorchid testes surgically positioned into the scrotum during early childhood develop normally and usually do not differ fro8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2plete or arrested spermatogenesis. The basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules become thickened and there is interstitial fibrosis (Figs 8.2A and B)Sertoli-only syndrome is a term used to describe a group of infertile patients who have genetic azoospermia. Testicular biopsy will typically rev Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2eal a lack of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, which are lined by Sertoli cells (Fig. 8.3). The interstitial spaces contain hyperplastic LeydigEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
cells.InfectionsThe infection of the testis is called orchitis, whereas the infection of epididymis is called epididymitis. In many cases both organs8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2the vas deferens from the lower urinary tract. Clinically, it typically presents as suppurative inflammation (Fig.2ạ rn zCHAPTER8200s o Ốo ư>Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
, such as mumps virus, or bacteria, such as Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis. Mumps orchitis, a prototype of viral infection of the testis is8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2d B). Atrophy and hyalinization of seminiferous tubules maybe the final outcome. Bilateral infections may-cause infertility.Testicular atrophy due to hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules is the final outcome of chronic orchitis (Fig. 8.5). It may, however, also be the end result of many other t Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2esticular diseases, including ischemia due to atherosclerosis, chronic disease, chemotherapy or radiation.NeoplasmsPrimary testicular tumors are of geEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
rm cell origin in over 90% of all cases. The tumors oi sex cord cells, i.e. the Sertoli and Ley-dig cell tumors are less common.Germ cell tumors are a8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2inomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Almost all germ cell tumors originate from a preinvasive form of cancer called intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGN) (Figs 8.6A and B).Seminoma is the most common testicular neoplasm, accounting for 40% of all testicular tumors. It is composed 01 a single popula Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2tion of cells resembling spermatogonia (Figs 8.7A and B). These cells are arranged into compact groups stưrounded by- fibrous strands infiltrated withEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
lymphocytes.X'onsem'momatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) is a term used to group all other germ cell tumors iind separate them from seminoma In contrast 8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2 carcinoma cells. Embryonal carcinoma cells can differentiate into somatic and nonsomatic (extraembryonic) tissues. Somatic tissues include derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), such as ski, Ciirtilage, neural tissue, etc. Extraembryonic nonsomatic tissues Ebook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2 include cells that resemble chorionic epithelium oi the placenta and the yolk sac.Embryonal carcinoma is a tumor composed of undifferentiated embryonEbook Atlas of histopathology: Part 2
ic cells (Fig. 8.8). Embryonal carcinomas account for about 10% ot all N5GCT. These tumors secrete no serologic markers.8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS def8 The Male Genital SystemIvan Damjanov199IntroductionThe male reproductive system consists of testes, excretory ducts, such as the epididymis, VOS defGọi ngay
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