Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
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Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
chapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2LouisContentsBrain function..................................................140Memory disorders................................................140Depression......................................................141CBD therapeutic considerations..................................142Harnessing the endo Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2cannabinoid system (ECS).....................143References......................................................143The astronomical growth in cannabisEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
research can be seen in the 22,000 published studies or reviews in the scientific literature referencing the cannabis plant and its cannabinoids, witchapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2arch [1].According to the U.S. Hemp Business Journal, hemp industry sales for food, body care, and CBD products grew to $688 million in 2016 and are estimated to top $800 million by 2020. Of the $688 million market was food at 19%, hemp CBD at 19%, supplements at 4%, personal care product at 24%, co Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2nsumer textiles at 14%, industrial application at 18%, and other consumer products at 2% [2].The growth of hemp CBD at $130 million in sales contributEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
ed significantly to the $688 million market. The CBD sales were in natural and specialty products, smoke shops, and on-line purchases. CBD-based pet cchapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2 for several thousand years but has become mired in disrepute and legal controls in the early twentieth century within Western medicine. Despite suppression,139Ĩ40Cannabiscannabis has remained available, allowing many thousands of patients to rediscover the power of cannabis to alleviate symptoms of Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2 many diseases. Research today is extending beyond symptom management to disease modification with great promise in the treatment of inflammatory andEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
neurodegenerative conditions.Brain functionThe average human brain has about 100 billion neurons (nerve cells) that are supported and protected by neuchapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2rain = 2 g. The 100,000,000,000 neurons = 1000 km or approximately 600 miles [4]. Optimizing neuron function can have profound influences on behavior, visual acuity, auditory function, neurotransmitter response time, and the neuronal membrane system.In 1990, U.S. President George Bush designated the Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2 1990s as the Decade of the Brain to "enhance public awareness of the benefits to be derived from brain research” [5]. Research evolving since then haEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
s shown that each brain neuron may be connected to up to 10,000 other neurons, passing signals to each other via as many as 1000 trillion synaptic conchapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2ely from 1 to 1000 terabytes. For perspective, the U.S. Library of Congress has 10 terabytes of data [6].Memory disordersMemory disorders range from mild to severe, but they all result from neurological damage to brain structures and hinder memory storage, retention, and recollection. Memory disorde Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2rs such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease result from high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, while other neurodegenerative diEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
seases such as Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia usually have motor function deficits [7]. Over 24 million people suffer from dementia in todachapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2se, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease is rising, but the etiologies of these disorders differs based on their neurodegenerative components. Current therapies focus on the treatment of symptoms to alter the progression of the disease, but modulation of the endocannabinoid system is an eme Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2rging option in the treatment of neurodegeneration whether it is caused from neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and/or mitochondrial dysfunction [8].CEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
hapter fourteen: Clinical rationale for CBD use on mood141Over 4000 years ago, the hemp plant was used in China and India for its medicinal effects, bchapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2oids on signaling and involvement with inflammation, they need to be considered for treatment regimens despite limited clinical trials because cannabinoids have been used for neurological and psychiatric disorders for centuries [9].Antioxidant effects have been ascribed to cannabidiol (CBD) due to i Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2ts influence on anandamide [10]. CBD was shown to protect against A-0 induced neurotoxicity in vitro as well as an antioxidant compound in lipid peroxEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
idation [11]. According to Bedse et al. [12], the endocannabinoid system signaling is a major modulator in Alzheimer's disease and needs to be the thechapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2studies of inflammatory retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy [13].Gary L. Wenk, PhD, professor of psychology and neuroscience and molecular virology, immunology, and medical genetics at the Ohio State University and Medical Center, has been studying the consequences of chronic brain infl Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2ammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. He investigated whether components of marijuana (THC) were antiinflammatory and found that one puffEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
equivalent per day in aged rats was effective in reducing brain inflammation and significantly improving memory but not in young rats who exhibited cochapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2he growth of new brain cells in a process known as neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis that involved intermediate highly proliferative progenitor cells and the survival and maturation of new neurons was affected by CBD-based compounds [15].DepressionLittrell [16] describes depression as an inflammatory Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2 disorder whose current treatment with antidepressants only increases rather than decreases inflammation. Stress, systemic inflammation, and behavioraEbook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2
l symptoms of depression have been identified during the past decade [17,18]. Depressed and anxious patients present with elevations in blood levels ochapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. L Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2ressed individuals exhibit lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines [21].In some studies treatment with pharmaceutical antidepressants have been shown to reduce concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-2, and IL-6 while ameliorating depressive symptoms [22].142Cannabis Ebook Cannabis - A clinician’s guide: Part 2chapter fourteenClinical rationale for CBD use on mood, depression, anxiety, brain function, and optimal agingChris D. Meletis and Betty Wedntan-St. LGọi ngay
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