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Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

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Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2he Basal Hudot (Basal Ganglia) and Their ConnectionsChapter 10The Basal Nuclei (Basal Ganglia) and Their ConnectionsA 58-year-old man was seen by a ne

urologist because he had noticed the development of a slight tremor of his left hand. The tremors involved all of the fingers and the thumb and were p Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

resent at rest but ceased during voluntary movement.On examination, the patient tended to perform all his movements slowly, and his face had very litt

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

le expression and was almost masklike. On passively moving the patient's arms, the neurologist found that the muscles showed increased tone, and there

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2e did so by shuffling across the examining room.The neurologist made the diagnosis of Parkinson disease, based on her knowledge of the structure and f

unction of the basal ganglia and their connections to the substantia nigra of the midbrain. She was able to prescribe appropriate drug therapy, which Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

resulted tn a great improvement in the hand tremors.Chapter Objectives• To describe the basal nuclei, their connections, and their functions and relat

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

e them to diseases commonly affecting this area of the nervous systemThe basal nuclei play an important role in the control of posture and voluntary m

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2the spinal cord.TerminologyThe term basal nuclei is applied to a collection of masses of gray matter situated within each cerebral hemisphere. They ar

e the corpus striatum, the amygdaloid nucleus, and the claustrum.Clinicians and neuroscientists use a variety of different terminologies to describe t Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

he basal nuclei. A summary of the terminologies commonly used is shown in Table 10-1. The subthalamic nuclei, the substantia nigra, and the red nucleu

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

s are functionally closely related to the basal nuclei, but they should not be included with them.The interconnections of the basal nuclei are complex

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2y movement.Corpus StriatumThe corpus striatum (Fig. 10-1; see also Atlas Plate 5) is situated lateral to the thalamus and is almost completely divided

by a band of nerve fibers, the internal capsule, into the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus. The term striatum is used here because of the st Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

riated appearance produced by the strands of gray matter passing through the internal capsule and connecting the caudate nucleus to the putamen of the

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

lentiform nucleus (see below).Table 10-1 Terminology Commonly Used to Describe the Basal NucleiNeurologic StructureBasal Nucleus (Nuclei)9Caudate nuc

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2riatum!Caudate nucleus plus putamenAmygdaloid bodyAmygdaloid nucleus‘'The term basal has been used in the past to denote the position of the nuclei at

the base of the forebrain.Caudate NucleusThe caudate nucleus is a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that is closely related to the lateral ventricle Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

and lies lateral to the thalamus (Fig. 10-1). The lateral surface of the nucleus is related to the internal capsule, which separates it from the lent

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

iform nucleus IFig. 10-21. For purposes of description, it can be divided into a head, a body, and a tail.The head of the caudate nucleus is large and

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2ly with the putamen of the lentiform nucleus (the caudate nucleus and the putamen are sometimes referred to as the neostriatum or striatum). Just supe

rior to this point of union, strands of gray matter pass through the internal capsule, giving the region a striated appearance, hence the term corpus Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

striatum.The body of the caudate nucleus is long and narrow and is continuous with the head in the region of the interventricular foramen. The body of

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

the caudate nucleus forms part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle.The tall of the caudate nucleus is long and slender and IS continuou

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. It terminates anteriorly in the amygdaloid nucleus (Fig. 10-1).Lent!form NucleusThe lentiform nucleus i

s a wedge-shaped mass of gray matter whose broad convex base IS directed laterally and whose blade IS directed medially (Fig. 10-2; see also Atlas Pla Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

te 5). It is buried deep in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere and is related medially to the internal capsule, which separates It from the c

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

audate nucleus and the thalamus. The lentiform nucleus is related laterally to a thin sheet of white matter, the external capsule (Fig. 10-2), which s

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2matter of the insula. A vertical plate of white matter divides the nucleus into a larger, darker lateral portton, the putamen, and an inner lighter po

rtion, the globus pallldus (Fig. 10-2). The paleness of the globus pallidus IS due to the presence of a high concentration of myelinated nerve fibers. Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

Inferiorly at Its anterior end, the putamen is continuous with the head of the caudate nucleus (Fig. 10-1).Figure 10-1 Lateral view of the right cere

Ebook Clinical neuroanatomy (7/E): Part 2

bral hemisphere dissected to show the position of the different basal nuclei.Gray matter of corebrill cortex

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

Authors: Snell, Richard s.Title: Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th EditionCopyright C'2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins> Tabto of Contents > Chapter 10 - Th

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