Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
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Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
Chapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2rson can asphyxiate:1Compression of the neck (hanging and strangulation)2Blockage of the airway (suffocation, gagging)3Compression of the chest, neck, or face (postural or positional asphyxia)4Chemical and lack of available oxygen in the atmosphereCompression of the neckIn hanging (usually suicide), Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 the neck can be compressed by rope. wire, or articles of clothing Pressure on the neck will usually occlude the vasculature, but not necessarily theEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
airway (larynx or trachea). Very little pressure is needed to occlude the blood vessels. It is a misconception that the airway must be occluded to aspChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 be compressed manually by strangulation or throttling. An assailant must compress either the airway or the blood vessels to render a victim unconscious. The time it takes to render an individual unconscious is quite variable (seconds to over a minute). Once a victim becomes unconscious, pressure mu Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2st be continued in order to cause death.Signs of trauma to the neck are generally evident in manual strangulation and hanging. There may be contusionsEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
or abrasions but rarely lacerations An object used to compress the neck often leaves an abraded, imprinted mark. If the ligature is thin like a rope,Chapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 shirt, there will be no specific pattern of the ligature. There may be superficial fingernail cuts from either the victim or assailant: however, they are usually from the victim.Pinpoint hemorrhages, or petechiae. are commonly present in the eyes after manual compression of the neck. Petechiae may Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2be on either the bulb of the eye. or on the lids, or both Petechiae may also be found on the face, especially the forehead, and around the eyes. TheyEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
are caused by the buildup of vascular pressure which causes capillaries to rupture. They are not often found in suicidal hanging. Petechiae are not spChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 during purposeful attempts to reduce blood flow to the brain by neck compression during masturbation. Any object which compresses the neck can be used. Most of the time a towel or some soft object is placed between the ligature and the neck to prevent visible scrapes or bruises. The diagnosis is re Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2adily made at the scene because the decedent is usually naked with pornographic material nearby. Often there IS evidence of repeated behavior at the sEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
cene, such as worn grooves in the rafters where ropes or pulleys have been placed. The manner of death is accidental.Blockage of the airway (suffocatiChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 be placed over the mouth, prevent a person from breathing, and cause suffocation. An unchewed peanut or small parts of toys can become lodged in an infant s or child’s airway. Individuals without teeth or9Ôc 2000 CRC Press LLCwith a history of stroke or other debilitating disease may have trouble c Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2hewing and aspirate food into the ail-way. Those under the influence of alcohol are also more likely to aspirate. There are usually no signs of traumaEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
in these deaths.Compression of the chest, neck, or face(postural or positional asphyxia)Postural asphyxiation occurs when a person cannot breathe becChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2r vehicle accidents when the vehicle overturns on a victim or a driver may become trapped between the steering wheel and seat There may be surprisingly few injuries except for other signs of blunt trauma and petechiae of the eyes and face.Chemical and lack of available oxygen in the atmosphereIf the Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 atmosphere's oxygen IS replaced by another chemical or gas. or if a person's red blood cells are unable to deliver oxygen to bodily tissues, a personEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
will asphyxiate. Depletion of atmospheric oxygen usually occurs in a relatively closed environment. Examples include gas which can accumulate and disChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2uers can also be overcome by fumes and lack of oxygen.Examples of chemical asphyxia by interfering with oxygen delivery to the tissues include carbon monoxide and cyanide. When a car is left running in a closed garage, carbon monoxide from burning gasoline competes with oxygen on the red blood cells Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2. Carbon monoxide can incapacitate a person very quickly. The most common cause of death in flies is carbon monoxide poisoning. Cyanide causes livor mEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
ortis to be red as in carbon monoxide poisoning The cyanide gas may smell like bitter almonds. Both deaths can occur quickly, especially cyanide poisoChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2son drowned; the autopsy is usually negative. To make the diagnosis, the body is usually wet. or is found in water. There may be injuries from being in the water, such as tears and scrapes of the skin from impacts against boats or bridges. Occasionally, marine life, more often in salt water, may fee Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2d on the skin of the face, especially around the mouth, nose, and eais. Abrasions may be found on the forehead, knees, and backs of hands from a bodyEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
scraping against the bottom of the lake or pool. There may be no external signs of trauma. Froth in the nose and mouth may be present Wrinkling of theChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a per Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2ay be heavy, wet lungs in those individuals who drown in salt water, but this is not always the case in fresh water drownings.FIGURE 9.1 There may be blood on the clothing and relaxation of tire bladder and boweb in people who hang themselves. It is also common for the decedent s feet to be touching Ebook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2 the floor or ground.c 2000 CRC Ptrss LLCFIGI RE9.2 Most scene photographs show the people after they have already been taken down from the hanging poEbook Color atlas of forensic pathology: Part 2
sition. See next photo.FIGURE 93 The man in the previous photo was not discovered hanging His buttocks were on the floor when be was found.FIGI RE 9.4Chapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a perChapter 9ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)AND DROWNINGASPHYXIAAsphyxia means death due to lack of oxygen to the brain. The following are the different ways a perGọi ngay
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