Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
CHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2ontrol of Noncommunicable Diseases in India—A Report on National Summit on NCDsNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries are replacing communicable diseases as the most common causes of disability, morbidity and premature mortality, thus showing an epidemiological transition in low and middle inc Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2ome countries including India T e leading causes are cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
ease, chronic kidney disease, mental disorders and trauma. Besides presenting a serious threat to public health. NCDs hamper socioeconomic developmentCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2 India. T is burden is likely to increase in the years to come. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) fgure at the top among the ten leading causes of adult (25-69 years) deaths in India. WHO has projected that by the year 2030. CVDs will emerge as the main cause of death (36%) in India and majority of the Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2se deaths arc premature. T c expenditure associated with the long-term effects ofNCDs is high and about 10 to 25 percent of families with CVDs or CancEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
er respectively are driven to poverty. T c economic burden would be 111 the range of 5 to10 percent of GDP. which is signi fcant and this slowing downCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2ransition (i.e increase in the incidence ofNCDs compared to communicable diseases) and social transition (like eating habits, smoking and alcoholism) pose serious challenge to the health system for providing treatment, care and support Besides, the industrialization, urbanization and globalization a Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2re also contributing to the epidemic ofNCDs by increasing the risk factor levels As a result of this multidimensional effect at individual household,Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
health system and macroeconomic level. NCDs are being labeled as global Chronic Emergency: Since health sector alone cannot deal with the chronic emerCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2e 21.1.National Response to Noncommunicable DiseasesGovernment of India had supported the States in the prevention and control of NCDs through several vertical programs. National Health Programs for Cancer and Blindness were started as early as 1975 and 1976 respectively, followed by program on Ment Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2al Health in 1982. However there was considerable upsurge to prevent and control NCDs. New programs were started on a low scale in limited number of dEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
istricts. Convergence with public sector health system was a feature of these programs. National Health Programswww.ebook777.comFr@s sboote ==> www.®tCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2ncer28 lakh (2010); Incidence of 10 lakh Ina year; 20-26 oercent increase -15 yearsCVD2.9 crore Í2COO); expected to rise to 6.4 cro-e by 2316Stroke20 lakhDiabetes5.1 crore (2310): expected to rise to 8 core by 2030COPO Mental disorders BlindnessBurden: 3.9 core. Prevaence4C5;bkb. projected 596/-akh Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2by 2015 6-7 percent of population 1 -2 percent have severe mental 0 sorders Estimated blinc persons: 1.21 crore; prevalence redxec from 1.49 percent (Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
1976? to 1 percent <2006—07)DeafnessEstimate prevalence 6.3 percent ci pcpulat on; 291 crore with profound bearing loss There is increasing freedIodinCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2 endemc in 230 districtsBone and joint disordersRheumatoid arthritis 16.4-17.8 pe-cent in females aged 33-69. osteoarthritis of knee 16.4 percent males and 14.4 percent in ferrates aged 60-69 yearsBurn injuryAnnual nõdence 70 akh (10 pexent require hospitalization) deaths 1.40 lakh per year; disabil Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2ity 2.5 lakh per yearRoad traffk accidentsAnnual deaths 1,18,239; nij'ed 4.69. co. 50 percent injured ẽọeé 26-66 yearsDisabilities2.19 crore (2.13 perEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
cent O'" popular on) Suffering f'em various disabilitiesOral diseases50-6016 children have dental cares Periodontal d seases in 40-45% populationimpleCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2vidence that NCDs are the major contributors to high morbidity and mortality in the country. Risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use. lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, obesity, stress aud environmental factors contribute to high disease burden of NCDs. which are modifable factors and can Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2be controlled to reduce the incidence of NCDs and better outcomes for those having NCDs. Costs borne by the affected individuals and families may be cEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
atastrophic as treatment is longterm and expensive.T e efforts made by the Government of India and the States have not been able to check the rising bCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Co Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2 public sector. Private sector has grown particularly in urban settings but is beyond the reach of the poor and middle sections of the society I ere is urgent need for a comprehensive scheme that should focus on health promotion and prevention ofNCDs and (heir risk factors andcomprehensive managemen Ebook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2t ofNCDs at various levels across the country. Lessons learnt during the nth Plan should be addressed and the programs for various NCDs and (heir riskEbook Community medicine with recent advances: Part 2
factors should be integrated and converged with public sector health system.ApproachA comprehensive approach would be requited through the following CHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and CoCHAPTER21Epidemiology ofNoncommunicable DiseasesNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESBurden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and CoGọi ngay
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