Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
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Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
The ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95 Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 25Labyrinthitis115Car wax95Vascular disorders116Otitis externa96Acoustic trauma116Trauma to the external ear97Temporal bone trauma116Neoplastic disorders98Drug ototoxicity118The middle ear99Meniere's disease118Clinical anatomy ol the middle ear99Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo119Symptoms of midd Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2le car disease103Vestibular neuronitis119Congenital middle car conditions103Acoustic neuromas and cerebellopontineOtitis media104angle tumours1201 rauEbook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
ma to the middle car1101 he facial nerve120Neoplastic disorders111Vertigo123Otosclerosis111Tinnitus123The inner ear111Hearing loss124Clinical anatomy The ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95 Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2ar is made up of the auricle or pinna and the external auditory meatus (EAM). Its function is to collect and transmit sound to the tympanic membrane.The auricleThe auricle develops from six nodules or hillocks derived from the first two branchial arches and the overlying skin. The auricle is formed Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2by a skeleton of yellow elastic cartilage covered in skin. The auricle consists of a number of named folds (Figure 9.1).The external auditory meatusThEbook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
e EAM is a tube that connects the conchal bowl to the tympanic membrane. It consists of two parts: the outer third is cartilaginous, and the inner or The ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95 Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2nd sebaceous glands. These structures are lost in the inner bony meatus, where the skin is thin and hair-free.The two portions of the meatus have slightly different directions - the cartilaginous upward andFigure 9.1 The auricle consists of a number of named folds.94 The earbackward, and the bony fo Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2rward and downward. Thus, when examining the ear, the auricle should be pulled gently upwards and backwards. This improves the view of the tympanic meEbook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
mbrane by straightening the meatus (Figure 9.2).The nerve supply of the external ear is surprisingly complex. The auriculotemporal branch of the trigeThe ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95 Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2 EAM. 'file greater auricular nerve (C2, C3), together with branches from the lesser occipital nerve (C2), supplies the posterior and the cranial side of the auricle. The IX and X cranial nerves also supply small sensory branches to the ear around the concha and posterior meatus and near the tympani Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2c membrane. It is these branches that, when stimulated during examination of the ear (especially in children), can cause an episode of coughing due toEbook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
vagal stimulation (the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus). Knowledge of the nerve supply of the ear is important as patients may preThe ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95 Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2y in the pyriform fossa ol the pharynx (Figure 9.3). skin cancers that form on this sun-exposed structure may spread via the lymph system to nodes situated within the parotid gland, to retro-auricular nodesand also Io the upper cervical nodes.1 he skin of the lateral surlacc ol the tympanic membrane Ebook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2 and ear canal is unusual. Il is not simply shed as is the skin Irom the rest of the body, but it is migratory and travels radially outwards from theFEbook Essential ENT (2/E): Part 2
igure 9.3 Causes of referred otalgia.The ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95The ear___________The external ear93Congenital disorders of the inner ear114Clinical anatomy ol the external ear93Presbycusis115Congenital anomalies95Gọi ngay
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