Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
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Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
Check forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2onset after exposure to an offending agent 11 ]. Signs and symptoms can range from relatively mild to life threatening. About 2% of the population suffers from anaphylaxis during their lifetime: common causes are food, medications, and insect stings [2|. Recently the incidence of anaphylaxis is incr Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2easing in many countries: the prevention and treatment of anaphylaxis is an important clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals should beEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
able to recognize and manage. Despite the release of a number of guidelines and updated practice on the management of anaphylaxis, there are identifieCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ed the lack of a practical definition of anaphylaxis as it related to physician.The most well-known consensus clinical definition of anaphylaxis was proposed by Second National Institute of Allergy and Infection Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Symposium (NIA1D/FAAN) in 2005 [4]. The Wor Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ld Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphy-w. Y. KimDepartment of Emergency Medicine. University of Ulsan CoEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
llege of Medicine. Asan Medical Center.Seoul, South Korealaxis (subsequently referred to as the Guidelines) were published on 3 March 2011 111. RecentCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2tions for the recognition, risk assessment, and management of patients who are at risk of experiencing anaphylaxis [5],The cornerstone of anaphylaxis management is the use of epinephrine as a first-line treatment while reserving Hl-antihistamines and corticosteroids as second-line agents. Useful sec Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ond-line interventions may include removing the trigger where possible, calling for help, correct positioning of the patient, high-flow oxygen, intravEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
enous fluids, and inhaled short-acting bronchodilators. Biphasic anaphylactic reactions have been reported to develop in up to 20% of reactions althouCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 24-6 h and. if necessary, up to 24 h 16. 7|. In this chapter, we review and summarize the early recognition and management of anaphylaxis.6.2PathophysiologyAnaphylaxis is an acute, potentially lethal, multisystem syndrome resulting from the sudden release of mast cell-, basophil-, and macrophage-deri Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ved mediators into the circulation |8Ị. The typical© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018G. J. Suh (ed.), Essentials of Shock Management, https://dEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
oi.org/l0.1007/978-981-10-5406-8_68182w. Y. Kimpathophysiology of anaphylaxis involves immunoglobulin E (IgE). The term of anaphylactoid reaction has Check forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ical immunology has proposed discarding this nomenclature (4|. The WAO categorizes anaphylaxis as either immunologic or non-immunologic. Immunologic anaphylaxis includes both IgE-mediated and IgG-mediated reactions, and immune complex/complement-mediated mechanisms 11|. Non-immunologic anaphylaxis i Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2s caused by agents or events that induce sudden, massive mast cell or basophil degranulation. without the involvement of antibodies in. Triger factorsEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
vary by region, age. and season. Food is the most common cause but drug and insect infestations are relatively common in older adults.6.3Initial ApprCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2rticarial to lifethreatening such as hypotension or shock. However, this definition is not useful for nonallergists. Anaphylaxis is defined as a "severe, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction”: this is characterized by being rapid in onset with life-threatening airway, breathing, or ci Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2rculatory problems and is usually, although not always, associated with skin and mucosal changes 11]. This definition suggests that the diagnosis of aEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
naphylaxis is based on clinical symptoms and signs. The current clinical criteria for diagnosing anaphylaxis are published in NIAID/FAAN second symposCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ement.The first step of the diagnosis of anaphylaxis should be based on the detailed history of clinical symptoms and all substances such as food, exercise. and medications exposed within a few hours before symptoms appear. Symptoms and signs usually occur within 2 h of exposure to the allergen. usu Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2ally within 30 min for food allergy and even faster with parenteral medication or insect stings |5|. In a large case series of fatal anaphylaxis, theEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
median time from symptoms toTable 6.1 Definition of anaphylaxis 11.4|Anaphylaxis is highly likely when any one of Itte following three criteria is fulCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2g, swollen lips-tongue-uvula) And at least ONE of the following(a)Respiratory compromise (e.g.. dyspnea, wheeze-bronchospasm. stridor, reduced PEF, hypoxemia) (b)Reduced BP or associated symptoms of end-organ dysfunction (e.g.. hypotonia [collapse], syncope, incontinence)Or Criteria 2Two or more of Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2the following that occur rapidly after exposure to a likely allergen for that patient (minutes to several hours):(a)Involvement of the skin-mucosal tiEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
ssue (e.g.. generalized hives, itch-flush, swollen lips-tongue-uvula (b)Respiratory compromise (e.g.. dyspnea, wheezebronchospasm. siridor. hypoxemia)Check forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden o Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2nal pain, vomiting)Or Criteria 3Reduced BP after exposure to known allergen for that patient (minutes to several hours):(a)Infants and children: low systolic BP (age specific) or >30% decrease in systolic BP* (b)Adults: systolic BP of <90 mmHg or >30% decrease from that person’s baseline‘Low systoli Ebook Essentials of shock management: Part 2c blood pressure for children is defined as <70 mmHg from I month to I year, less than (70 mmHg + [29 age]) from I to l() years and <90 mmHg from 11 tEbook Essentials of shock management: Part 2
o 17 years6 Anaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management83arrest has been reported as 30, 15. and 5 min for food, insect venom, and parenteral medicaCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden oCheck forAnaphylaxis: Early Recognition and Management6Won Young Kim6.1IntroductionAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with a sudden oGọi ngay
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