Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
Hypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2eradicated. Blood in large arteries may freeze but does not coagulate.Neither the blood nor the arterial walls show evidence of injury when thawing is allowed. A normal circulation can be restored. Since nerve endings are ablated, cryosurgery is relatively painless.ILEUM AND JEJUNUMBiopsy diagnosis Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2of small intestinal diseaseSeep. 40.DEVELOPMENTAL AND CONGENITAL DISORDERSThe most frequent sites of atresia or stenosis are the distal ileum and theEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
duodenum adjoining the papilla of Vater. There may be an association with Downs syndrome (p. 92). Malrotation of the small intestine in Ittffo is occaHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2ntery so that the intestine is prone to torsion and volvulus. Duplications and enterogenous cysts are common. Although symptomlcss. haemorrhage, obstruction or intussusception are recognised complications.Meckel’s diverticulumMeckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the sma Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2ll intestine. The diverticulum is the persisting, proximal end of the vitello-intestinal duct. It is situated on the anti-inesen-teric border of the iEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
leum and is present in ~2% ofpeo-ple.The defect lies within 1 m of the ileo-caecal valve and is ~50 mm in length.The diverticulum is usuallyfree but mHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2rticulum.The lining mucosa is of a small-intestinal, mucin-secreting form but an island of ectopic gastric epithelium is sometimes present. When this is the case, a peptic ulcer may form and be complicates! by bleeding and perforation. Neuro-endocrine tumours and carcinoma occasionally develop, infe Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2ction and intestinal obstruction are encountered. Acute inHammation of Meckel’s diverticulum simulates acute appendicitis. Obstruction of the intestinEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
e itself is attributable either to intussusception or to volvulus around the fibrous cord.Peutz-Jegher syndromeThe syndrome, inherited as an autosomalHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2gastro-intestinal tract. Polyps are especially frequent in the small intestine. They may ulcerate and bleed. Iron deficiency anaemia is one result. Malignant transformation of this form of polyp is rare but there is an increases! risk of neoplasia at sites external to the intestine.AngiodysplasiaAng Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2iodysplasia is much less common than in the large intestine (p. 108) but may cause massive and life-threatening. occult or overt haemorrhage.164INFECTEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
IONCholeraThis infamous, life-threatening epidemic disease results from water-borne infection by Hlirio (hoterae. Tils’ micro-organism is a motile. GrHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2sanitation, especially where drinking water is not purified, cholera is the partner of poverty ami of natural and man-made disasters and IS a hazard during large population movements. In cities,cholera remained a threat until central, clean water supplies were constructed.The organism secretes an en Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2zyme that destroys mucin. An exotoxin is formed that binds to receptors on the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxin blocks molecules regulatiEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
ng the production of cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) so that the normal Na*7Cl" flux across the intestinal cell membrane is deranged. There is anHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2 rapidly fatal. Death may take place within 2 to 3 hours of the onset.Other infectionsFigure 28 Blind loop in jejuno-ileal bypass.Formed}’, operation of jcjuno-ilcal bypass was performed to assist weight reduction ill morbidly obese individuals. Extensive portions of the jejunum and ileum were taken Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2 out of the intestinal circuit in order to restrict intestinal absorption of digested foods. However, this procedure created very large, blind loops.AEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
ctinomycosis (p. 5), amoebiasis (p. 8), dysentery (p. 123), enteric fever (p. 127) and tuberculosis (p. 332) are described on other pages.Enteritis neHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2ping countries but. in the West, is restricted to adults with underlying, chronic illness. The cause is Clostridium perfringens type c.Blind loopsA variety of surgical operations create blind-ended loops of intestine (Fig. 28). The contents of the new cavities become static. Stagnation frequently re Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2sults in abnormal bacterial proliferation.The changed bacterial flora interferes with the absorption of fat and the lipid-soluble vitamins (p. 351), pEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
articularly vitamin B.,. Within the loop, there is a high concentration ofnon-deconjugated bile acids. A comparable change in the intestinal flora mayHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc e Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2n caused by adhesions.INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASEStrictly, the term ‘inflammatory bowel disease’ describes all forms of inflammation and infection of the entire gut. In practice, the description is confined to Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (p. 103).Crohn’s disease (regional enteritis)Crohn a Ebook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2nd his colleagues (p. 370) are credited with the definitive description of regional enteritis but earlier accounts have been recognised.CausesThe causEbook Pathology for surgeons in training (3/E): Part 2
c(s) remain uncertain.There is a genetic predisposition and siblings of affected individuals have a 30-fold increases! probability of developing the cHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc eHypothermiadestroys the frozen cells. The procedure is repeated when a maximum effect is sought. Capillaries and small vessels in the 'ice ball’ arc eGọi ngay
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