Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
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Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
Dental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2ic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. It is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting the human race. Cariogenic plaque contains 2 X 10s bacteria per milligram weight and pH of 5.5 iscritic.ll threshold tor the demineralization. The initial lesion appears as op Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2aque white or brown spot beneath the plaque layer. As the caries process results in demineralization, the .affected area of the tooth appears more radEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
iolucent than unaffected area. Carious area attenuates less radiation than intact tooth substance so that the area of the film on which remnant beam fDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2the concentration of Streptococcus in Ilians at specified tooth surfaces and lead to white spot formation or even cavitations. The development of dental caries is a dynamic process of demineralization of the dental hard tissues by the products of bacterial metabolism, alternating with periods of rem Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2ineralizationEtiology•Dietary factor—carbohydrates with types like monosaccharides. disaccharides or polysaccharides and the amount consumed and whethEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
er it is between meals.•Microorganisms—acidogenic Streptococcus mutans and Ad itioniycosis viscosus.•Systemicfactors—hereditary', pregnancy and lactatDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2ntal caries•Immunological factor—the functional role of circulating antibodies as protective agents against tooth decay has been demonstrated in non-human primates.Pathogenesis•Fermentation o f oral microorganism—whenever carbohydrate is consumed, oral microorganisms rapidly begin fermentation produ Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2cing organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid and formic acid This leads to fall Ú1 pH of the oral fluids.•Demineralization—these organic acid attaEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
ck the tooth Structure, resulting in loss ot tooth minerals specially calcium and phosphate ions, which leach out from hydroxyapatite. This process isDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2 from salivary proteins, there is an increase in pH of the oral fluids The acid is neutralized and the condition now favors precipitation of calcium and phosphate foils into tooth surface. Ulis process is called as ‘remineralization’ and is luistened if fluoride is present in a small amount in eithe Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2r plaque fluid or saliva.•Further demineralization—the microorganism which is of primary’concern in the pathology of dental caries is Streptococcus liEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
t lit an s. It forms insoluble, sticky extracellular polysaccharides which help in further colonization and increases the contact of the acids with thDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2ng and caries protective factors is very delicate. It is only when repeated attacks of demineralization occur that there is a net loss of minerals from tooth and caries results. The surface layer of enamel overlying the lesionhttp://dentalebooks.comremains intact and the demineralization occurring i Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2s primarily subsurface in location. Once this happen, the process gradually extends deeper, involving enzunel and subsequently the dentin and pulp.TheEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
ories ofCariogetiesisProteolytic TheoryProteolysis can play a role in dental caries process, particularly in lesions that develop on exposed root surfDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2g ability and this dissolves the tooth minerals.Chelation is the process involving the complexing oi a metallic ion to a complex substance through a coordinate covalent bond which results in a highly stable, poorly' dissociated or weakly ionized compound.Acidogenic TheoryIt is generally agreed that Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2dental caries is caused by acid resulting from ac tion of microorganisms on carbohydrates. It is characterized by’decalcification of the inorganic porEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
tion and is accompanied or followed by a disintegration of the organic substance of the tooth. The cariogenicity of carbohydrate varies with the frequDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2 are more caries producing than those consumed as liquids.Most commonly' associated microorganisms are L. acidophilus and Streptococcus mulaus which are found in caries susceptible individuals. Acids are produced due to enzymatic breakdown ot the sugar and the acids formed are chiefly' lactic acid a Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2nd butyric acid.AutoimmunityJackson and Bunch suggest that zones or regions of odontoblasts in specific sites with the pulp of specific teeth are damaEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
ged by' an autoimmune process so that the defense capacity of the overlying dentin and enamel is compromised and concluded that caries should be regarDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2 mutant cells synthesize autoantibody' which damage specific groups of odontoblasts and thus determine the sites of caries susceptibility'.Dental Cartes 517Secondary Factors in Dental Caries• Anatomic diaraderisticsofthe teeth•First 2 years after eruption—teeth are usually susceptible to caries duri Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2ng first 2 years after eruption ■TS additional 2 years are required for completion of calcification after eruption.•First permanent molars—iirst permaEbook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2
nent molars often have incompletely coalesced pits and fissures that allow the dental plaque material to be retained at the base of the defect in contDental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorgani Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2lingual pits on maxillary incisors are vulnerable in the process oi dental caries proceeds rapidly.•Enamel hypoplasia—enamel hypoplasia predisposes more to dental caries. Ebook Textbook of oral medicine (2/E): Part 2Dental CariesIntroductionDental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganiGọi ngay
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