36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
chapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoae EyeMirrors36.8(Optional} The Simple Magnifier36.3Images Formed by Refraction36.9(Optional} The Compound36.4Thin LensesMicroscope36.5(Optional} Lens Aberrations36.10(Optional} The Telescope11391140CHAPĨÍR 36 Geometric Optics7® his chapter is concerned with the images that result when spherical wave 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoas fall on flat and spherical surfaces. We find that images can he formed either by reflection or by refraction and that mirrors, and lenses work becau36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
se of reflection and refraction. We continue to use the ray approximation and to assume that light travels in straight lines. Both of these steps leadchapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoats—the objects of study in the field of «wtw optics.36.1^ IMAGES FORMED By FLAT MIRRORSFigure 36.1 All image fanned by reflection from a flat mirror. The image point / K located behind the minora perpendicular distance 'Ị from the mirror (the image distance). Study of Figure 36.2 shows that this ima 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoage distance has the same magnitude xs the object distance /í.Figure 36.2 A geometric construction that is used to locate the image of an object placed36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
in front of a flat mirror. Because the triangle.’1 lx>ll and P'QR are congruent.I/’I- l?l and A - A'.J’1 We begin by considering the simplest possiblchapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoaed the object distance. Light rays leave the source and are reflected from the mirror. Upon reflection, the rays continue to diverge (spread apart), but they appear to the viewer to come from a point / behind the mirror. Point / is called the image of the object at (). Regardless of the system under 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa study, we always locate images by extending diverging rays back to a point from which they appear to diverge. Images are located either at the point36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
from which rays of light actually diverge or at the point from which they appear to diverge. Because the rays in Figure 36.1 appear to originate at /.chapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoaal or virtual. A real image is formed when light rays pass through and diverge from the image point; a virtual image is formed when the light rays do not pass through the image point but appear to diverge from that point. The image formed by the mirror in Figure 36.1 is virtual. The image of an obje 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoact seen in a flat mirror is always virtual. Real images can be displayed on a screen (as at a movie), but virtual images cannot be displayed on a scre36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
en.We can use the simple geometric techniques shown in Figure 36.2 to examine the properties of the images formed by flat mirrors. Even though an infichapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoastarts at p. follows a horizontal path to the mirror, and reflects back on itself. The second ray follows the oblique path PH and reflects as shown, according to the law of reflection. An observer in front of the mirror would trace the two reflected rays back to the point at which they appear to hav 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoae originated, which is point P' behind the mirror. A continuation of this process for points other than Pon the object would result in a virtual image36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
(represented by a yellow arrow) behind the mirror. Because triangles PQ/ỉand P'OR arc congruent. PQ = P'Q. We conclude that the image formed by an obchapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoah equals the image height h'. Let us define lateral magnification .if as follows:lateral nugnitkaiirHiImage height _ IÍ Object height A(36.1136.1 Images Formed by Flat Mirrors1141Ml Hood reflcclcd ill TrilliumI ake. Why is the image inverted and the same size a* the motin rain?ỌuickLabView yuinsdl i 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoall a full length iniiToi. Standing cluse Io the iniiiui. place one piece of tape al the lop ol the ini age o< yuut head and another piece 41 ihe very36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
bottom of the image of vonr feet. Now step hark a few meters and observe votir image. How big is ii relative to its original size? How does lhe distanchapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoacation for any type of mirror. For a flat mirror. M = 1 because A' = h.Finally, note that a flat mirror produces an image that has an apparent left-right reversal. Yon can see this reversal by standing in front of a mirror and raising your right hand, as shown in Figure 36.3. The image you see raise 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoas its left hand. Likewise, your hair appears to be parted on the side opposite your real part, and a mole on your right check appeals to lx? on your l36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
eft cheek.This reversal Is not actually a left-right reversal. Imagine, for example, lying on your left side on the floor, with your body parallel to chapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoase your light hand, however, the image again raises its left hand. Thus, the mirror again appears to produce a left-right reversal but in the up-down direction!The reversal is actually a fnmt-bad reversal, caused by the light rays going forward toward the mirror and then reflecting back from it. An 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoainteresting exercise is to stand in front of a mirror while holding an overhead transparency in front of yon so that yon can read the writing on the t36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa
ransparency. Yon will be able to read the writing on the image of the transparency, also. You may have had a similar experience if you have attached achapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} The 36 geometric optics tủ tài liệu bách khoa into your learview minor from inside the car.We conclude that the image that is formed by a flat minor has the following properties.chapterGeometric optics36Cha p t e r Outline36.1Images Formed by Flat Mirrors36.6(Optional} The Camera36.2Images Formed by spherical36.7(Optional} TheGọi ngay
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