Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
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Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
The Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 process of integration of the productive systems and markets is steadily acquiring global dimensions; and States relinquish leadership to innovative firms (generally multinational) as new information. transport and communication technology facilitate and reinforce interaction between organizations.T Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 he globalization process means increased market competition, which calls for adjustments in the productive systems of countries, regions and cities imEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
mersed in the process. Since firms do not compete alone, but rather within the context of their productive and institutional milieu, globalization fosThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 oyment and poverty have become a challenge for cities, regions and territories, which compete in an ever more globalized world. The spatial and social effects of the globalization process have caused a reaction on behalf of the local communities. Thus, the new development policy has emerged, focused Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 towards eradicating poverty and making the territories more competitive. But there are different interpretations that explain the local response to tEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
he challenge of globalization.The scope of local initiatives changes from one case to another. In some cases they pretend to mobilize the endogenous pThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ose of local initiatives is to use the local population capabilities and its creative capacity for the continuous transformation of the economy and society, as argued by the human development approach. Finally, most local initiatives164 A. Vazquez-Barqueroare directed towards acting on the key proce Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 sses determining capital accumulation. as proposed by the evolutionary approach. All these approaches claim to obey to an endogenous development modelEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
, although they are very different in nature.The paper argues that the new development policy hides an analytical and theoretical logic. Undoubtedly, The Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 nities posed by globalization. Local initiatives obey a territorial approach of development, that refers to capital accumulation and growth processes of a locality or territory, that has culture and institutions that help support the productive transformations and economic and social progress. The p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 aper concludes that all these interpretations of the new development policies refer to the endogenous development model.2Social and Territorial EffectEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
s of GlobalizationThe economic dynamic of countries, cities and regions are very different from each other. Each territory has human, institutional, cThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 bour market, entrepreneurial capability and technological knowledge, natural resources and infrastructures, an institutional and political system, and historical and cultural heritage. Based on these, each economy articulates its growth and structural change processes and a great variety of situatio Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ns, projects and economic. social and political processes are produced.The economic, technological and institutional changes during these past 25 yearEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
s have given rise to strong transformations in the productive systems. Imbalances between supply and demand of local products took place because of thThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 f the poor economies as well as of the rich economies. The relative increase in production costs (above all. labour force and energy) affected the firms’ production functions and provoked processes like the shut down of industrial firms, change in the location of productive plants and an increase in Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 the competitive advantage of some local productive systems. Delocation of productive activities, increase in sub-contracting and the expansion of firEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
m sen ices, introduced, in turn, new changes in the economies and productive systems of the cities, regions and countries.The Quest for a New DevelopmThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 es carried out point out that the factors that have determined the productive restructuring and economic growth processes are: the diffusion of innovation within the productive fabric, the skills and qualification of human resources, the entrepreneurial capability of the firms, the flexibility of en Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 trepreneurial organizations, the transformation and adaptation of institutions, and the integration of firms, cities and regions in competitive and inEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
novative networks, on both the national and international level.Globalization is speeding up the productive transformations and the economic developmeThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ing role (Veltz 1999; Scott 2001a); or if you prefer, to a new spatial division of labour on an international level. This spontaneous process led by the economic, social and political actors has made the diversity of the economic and territorial system increase. New products have appeared, some prod Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 uction processes have changed and the territories have adopted new economic and productive functions. The urban and regional system has become ever moEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
re polycentric and the regional and urban hierarchies tend to shrink as the relations and firm and city networks intensify, precisely as a result of tThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 an during the years of the cold war. It is shaped by high technology industrial activities (such as microelectronics, biotechnology, robotics or the aerospace industry), those manufacturing activities that during the 1950s and 1960s were characterized for their standardized production, have restruct Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ured themselves and have differentiated their production by introducing innovations (like the garment or automobile industry), advanced services activEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
ities (i.e., marketing, design or technical assistance), and financial and cultural services.The increase and diversification in the production of gooThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 re two processes that explain this. On the one hand, the conversion of the national urban systems into a European or Latin American urban system (that is to say. into global urban systems) introduce a change in the inter-urban relations that transforms the costs and price systems, as well as the ins Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 titutional and entrepreneurial relations on the global level. Therefore, the conditions for greater diversity in the economic, political and institutiEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
onal functions of the cities and regions within a more interactive and closely related system are created. On the other hand, a greater variety of proThe Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 the agglomeration diseconomies. This dynamic leads to the creation of more flexible urban systems and the reduction of the hierarchies where they existed (Sasscn 2001,2007).Increased territorial diversity and ill the productive systems is particularly outstanding in the dynamic of the rural areas in Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 developed and developing countries, which are experiencing an ever more complex adjustment stage, as a result of the crisis in traditional agriculturEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
e, depopulation, lack of basic infrastructures, and the deterioration of the environment (Saraceno 2006). rhe strength of rural development is not so The Quest for a New Development PolicyAntonio Vazquez-BarqueroUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain1IntroductionOver the last two decades, a p Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ndustrial and services activities. Similarly, industrial spaces are also very diverse and a variety of development models can be identified, with very different paths of growth (Vazquez-Barquero 2005).Thus, the economic integration process has increased market competition, and has stimulated the adj Ebook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2 ustments of the productive system of countries, regions and cities during decades, immersed in globalization. This has led to the creation of a producEbook Entrepreneurship and business: A regional perspective - Part 2
tive and spatial system that is ever more diversified. Yet, globalization has not eliminated poverty or the existing inequalities in the income levelGọi ngay
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