Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
CHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 l a place (Boorstin, 1964|. This criticism suggests that in the process of catering to visitors, tourism operators create packages and foster experiences that corrupt the cultural essence of the attraction. In effect, die destination becomes a stage featuring performances by hosts who are removed fr Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 om tlicir real lives, their real homes and their real culture.As a result, tourist experiences are diminished, typically, the tourism industry has beeSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
n blamed tor this erosion of authenticity, and increasingly the industry itself has identified inauthenticity as an issue. Gilmore and Pine 1'20071 caCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 r, we argue that sport offers unique qualities relative to other types ol cultural tourist attractions in terms of facilitating authentic tourist experiences. We do this by positioning sport as a cultural tourist attraction and highlighting the challenges of commodification. The balance of the chapt Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 er uses Wang’s (1999, 20001 framework ol authenticity to demonstrate the relevance of sport attractions as agents for authentic tourist experience.CONSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
TENTSSport as a cultural tourist attractionCommodificationAuthenticityConclusionSPORT AS A CULTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTIONSport fits nicely under helper'sCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 ly derived from Hmch, T.D. & Higham, J.E.S. (2005). Sport, tourism and authenticity. European Sports Management Quarterly. 5(3); 245-258. Special issue. Sports tourism theory and method. Guest editor; Mike Weed.Sporl »nd TSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
ree elements are connected'. In the context of sport, the human clement includes competitive and elite atldctcs, spectators and an assortment of suppoCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 and consumed. It is where the games, activities and competitions that characterize sport are played and otherwise engaged in.It is our contention that all sports, both urban and nature-based, arc cultural manifestations and therefore are potential cultural attractions. For example, Bale (1994) argue Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 s that sports are not natural forms of movement but rather form part of a cultural landscape. Even sports that take place in supposedly natural enviroSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
nments actually take place in environments that arc subject to cultural modification. Golf courses, for instance, arc designed, maintained and otherwiCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 that sport identities (sec chapter 4, Culture and identity) arc a reflection of the culture in a place. Ì hese identities represent the way communities are perceived and arc projected based on prevailing social and ideological values and practices (McConnell & Edwards, 20001. In his book 7hjv«/s wit Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 h Charley', novelist John Steinbeck (1963) suggests (hat visitors can obtain a sense of local culture by going to a local pub on a Saturday night or tSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
o a church service the next day. In both cases, the visitor is able to share in local celebrations that reflect an important dimension of the culture CHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 rgument can be made lor sport events and activities, as sport is one of the ways in which humans develop their personal and collective identities. Nauright (19961 goes as far as to claim that in '... many cases, sporting events and people's reactions to them arc the clearest public manifestations of Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 culture and collective identities in a given society’ (p. 69). Notwithstanding this perspective, processes of globalization have challenged the tradiSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
tional view that sport 'embodies local culture' (E. Cohen, personal communication, 12 June 2007). This is especially tme in the context of sports likeCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 of football, there arc local variations in style and passions that are consistent with Maguire's (19991 argument that there are increasing varieties even in the face of diminishing contrasts as the local negotiates its place in the .global (see Chapter 2, Sport and tourism in a global world).Commod Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 ification 147For example, a visitor will experience a significant aspect of Canadian culture by attending an ice hockey game while in Canada (CruneauSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
& Whitson, 1993). More generally, visitors who attend local sporting events, participate in local sport activities or visit local sites to venerate spCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 isits to many other cultural sites because these elements of sport experience, despite their cultural significance, tend to be viewed as being within the public rather titan private domain.COMMODIFICATION'tourism is a business. Iburism operators, governments, local hosts and tourists tend tn rationa Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 lize their decisions in economic terms and behave as actors in a common market (Pearce, 1989). The fundamental rationale for tourism development is anSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
economic one; destinations and providers of tourism goods and services seek net economic gains. Tourism activities arc, therefore, a form of commerciCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 arc designed to provide leisure experiences for visitors. These experiences arc exchanged for the visitors' economic resources, which are usually collected through an assortment of fees charged for tour packages, attractions, accommodation, food and beverages, transportation, souvenirs and other vi Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 sitor-related prod nets and services as well as through avenues of government taxation. Cohen 11988:380) described this exchange as a form of commodifSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
ication or... đ process by which things (and activities) come to he evaluated primarily in terms of their exchange value, hi a context of trade, thereCHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 a market.Commodification has drawn considerable attention from critics of tourism who suggest that selling landscapes and culture in this type of exchange is somewhat akin to prostitution in that by engaging in these transactions, the destination is sacrificing part of Its soul (Greenwood, 19891. T Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 he commodification of local culture is seen as especially challenging given the intrusive nature this can have in terms of the backstage of a destinatSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
ion. Sport is rapidly moving toward a similar degree of commodification as reflected, for example, in the trends towards professional competition,148 CHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 Kay and Kirk (1992:101 argue that '|w|hcreas cultural activities such as ... sport once were based primarily on intrinsic worth, they arc now increasingly constituted by market values' (see Case stud)’ 8.11.Case study 8.1Promotional culture, indigenous identity, and the All Blacks Haka: Questions of Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 commodification and authenticityJay Scherer (University of Alberta. Canada)This case study examines issues of commodification and authenticity as theSport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
y relate to the production and consump tion of sjxxt experiences that are increasingly mediated and iricor|Kxated mtn a global pmmotKmal Culture. On 1CHAPTER 8Authentic Experiences*One of the fundamental criticisms of tourism is tliat it leads to pseudo-events that tail to reflect the tme culture ol Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 nd for lhal matter) became the official global sponsor of the Al Blacks. In do;ng so. Iveco joined a lost of other corporations including adidas. Coca Cola. Ford. Wheet Bix. Steinlager and Mastercard in articulating their brand with the Ail Blacks, and by extension. Nev/ Zea land identity. I tiese i Sport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2 ssues speak ixecisely of the impact of glol)rili/alKK) (KI rugtiy as ttie New Zealand Rugl>y Union (NZRU) and its corporate ‘|>artriers' aggressivelySport and tourism globalization, mobility and identity part 2
pursue new revenue streams and gkrtial audiences (Hope, 2002; Scherer, Falcous, A Jackson, 2008). A corollary of the exponential increase in the markeGọi ngay
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