Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach
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Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach
Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach California Riverside. CA 92521 vahid@cs.ucr.edu http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~vahidDraft version. Fall 1999PrefaceThis book introduces embedded system design using a modem approach. Modern design requires a designer to have a unified view of software and hardware, seeing them not as completely different d Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach umaius. bill rather as Iw implementation options along a continuum of options varying ill then design metrics (cost, performance, power, flexibility,Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach
etc.).Three important trends have made such a unified view possible. First. integrated circuit (IC) capacities have increased to the point that both sEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach have increased lo the point that c compilers (and even Cl I or in some cases Java) have become commonplace in embedded systems. Ihird, synthesis technology has advanced to the point that synthesis tools have become commonplace in die design of digital hardware. Such tools achieve nearly die same fo Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach r hardware design as compilers achieve ill software design: they allow the designer to describe desired processing ni a high-level programming languagEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
e, and they then automatically generate an efficient (in this case custom hardware) processor implementation. The first trend makes the past separatioEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach design, ar its highest level, into rhe problem of selecting (for software), designing (for hardware), and integrating processors.ESD focuses on design principles, breaknig from the traditional book that focuses on the details a particular microprocessor and its assembly-language programming. While s Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach tressing a processor-independent high-level language approach to programming of embedded systems, it still covets enough assembly language programmingEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
to enable programming of device drivers. Such processor-independence IS possible because of compiler availability, as well as the fact that integrateEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach s well as designers However, these developments don't entirely eliminate the need for some processor-specific knowledge. Thus, a course with a hands-on lab may supplement tins book with a processor-specific databook and'01 a compiler manual (both are typically very low cost or even free), or one of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach many commonly available ’extended databook" processor- specific textbooks.ESD describes not only the programming of microprocessors, but also the desiEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
gn of custom-hardware processors (i.e.. digital design). Coverage of this topic is made possible by the above-mentioned elimination of a detailed procEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach sign, describing simple steps for converting high level program code uilo digital hardware. These steps build on the trend of digital design books of introducing synthesis into an undergraduate curriculum (c.g.. books by Roth. Gajski, and Kat7). ibis book assists designers to become users of synthes Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach is. Using a draft of ESD. we have al ƯCR successfully taught loth programming of embedded microprocessors, design of custom hardware processors, and iEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
ntegration of the two, in a one quarter coinsc having a lab. though a semester or even two quarters would bepreferred. However, instructors who do notEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach des coverage of some additional important topics. First, while the need for knowledge specific to a microprocessor's internals is decreasing, the ueed foi knowledge of interfacing processors is increasing. Therefore. ESD not only includes a chapter on interfacing, but also includes another chapter d Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach escribing interfacing protocols common in embedded systems, like CAN. 12C. ISA. PCI. and Firewire. Second, while high-level programming languages greaEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
tly improve our ability to describe complex behavior, several widely accepted computation models can improve that ability even further. Thus. ESD inclEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach Thud, an extremely common subset of embedded systems is control systems. ESD includes a chapter that introduces control systems in a manner that enables the reader to recognize open and closed-loop control systems, to use simple PID and fuzzy controllers, and to be aware that a rich theory exists t Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach hat can be drawn upon for design of such systems. Finally. ESD includes a chapter on design methodology, mcludmg discussion of hardware’software codesEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
ign, a users introduction to synthesis (from behavioral down to logic levels), and the major trend towards Intellectual Property (IP) based design.AddEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach Also available for use with the book will be a simulatable and synthesizable VHDL "reference design.’ consisting of a simple version of a MIPS processor, memory. BIOS. DMA controller. DART, parallel port, and an input device (currently a CCD preprocessor), and optionally a cache, two-level bus arch Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach itecture. a bus bridge, and an 8051 microcontroller. We have already developed a version of this reference design at VCR This design can be u-ed in laEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
bs that have die ability to simulate and or synthesize VHDL descriptions. There are numerous possible uses depending on the course focus, ranging fromEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach GA system prototypes.Instructors will likely want to have a prototyping environment consisting of a microprocessor development board and/or in-circuit emulator, and perhaps an FPGA development board. These environments vary tremendously among universities. However, we will make the details of our en Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach vironments and lab projects available on the web page Again, these have already been developed.Chapter 1: Introduction44927Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 EEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
mbedded systems overviewComputing systems are everywhere. It’s probably no surprise that millions of computing systems arc built every year destined fEmbedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach are built every year foi a very different purpose they are embedded within larger electronic devices, repeatedly carrying out a particular function, often going completely unrecognized by the device's user Creating a precise definition of such embedded computing systems, or simply embedded systems. Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach is not an easy task. We might tty the following definition: An embedded system is nearly any computing system other than a desktop, laptop, or mainfrEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
ame computer. That definition isn't perfect, but it may lie as close as we'll get We can better under stand such systems by examining common examples Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach mmon electronic devices, such as: (a) consumer electronics - cell phones, pagers, digital cameras, camcorders, videocassette recorders, portable video games, calculators, and personal digital assistants, (b) home appliances -- microwave ovens, answering machines, thermostat, home security, washing m Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach achines, and lighting systems; (c) office automation - fax machines, copiers, printers, and scanners; (d) business equipment - cash registers, curbsidEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
e check-in. alarm systems, card readers, product scanners, and automated teller machines; (e) automobiles -transmission control, cruise control, fuel Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software ApproachFrank Vahid and Tony GivargisDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach e, a computing system embedded within it While about 40% of American households had a desktop computer 111 1994. each household had an average of more than 30 embedded computers, with that number expected to rise into the hundreds by the year 2000 The electronics in an average car cost $1237 in 1995 Embedded system design a unified ardware software approach . and may cost $2125 by 2000 Several trillion embedded microprocessor units were sold annually in recent years, compared to a few hundred million deskEmbedded system design a unified ardware software approach
top microprocessor units.Embedded systems have several common characteristics:1)Single-fimctioned: .An embedded system usually executes only one progrGọi ngay
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