A polycentric approach for coping with climate change
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A polycentric approach for coping with climate change
Policy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change romrhe World BankDevelopment EconomicsOffice of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist40087Polio- Research Working Paper 5095AbstractThis paper proposes an alternative approadi to addressing the complex problems of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who won the 200 A polycentric approach for coping with climate change 9 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that single policies adopted only at a global scale are unlikely to generate sufficient trust among citizenA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
s and firms so that collective action can take place in a comprehensive and transparent manner that will effectively reduce global warming. FurthermorPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change mple, rhe Cathon Development Mechanism (CDM) can be 'gamed' in ways that hike up prices of natural resources and in some cases can lead to further natural resource exploitation. Some flaws arc also noticeable in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries A polycentric approach for coping with climate change (REDD) program. Both rhe CDM and REDD arc vulnerable to the free-rider problem. As an alternative, rhe paper proposes a polycentric approach at varioA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
us levels with active oversight of local, regional, andnational stakeholders. Efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions are a classic collectiPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change mate change, recognizing the potential for building a more effective way of reducing green house gas emissions ar multiple levels is an important step forward. A polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the development of methods A polycentric approach for coping with climate change for assessing the benefits and costs of particular strategics adopted in one type of ecosystem and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems. BA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
uilding a strong commitment to find ways of reducing individual emissions is an important element for coping with this problem, and having others alsoPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change ks and monitoring at all levels. This paper was prepared as a background paper for the 2010 World Development Report on Climate Change.This paper—prepared as a background paper to the World Bank's World Development Report 2010: Development in a Changing Climate—a product of the Development Economics A polycentric approach for coping with climate change Vice Presidency. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the World Bank or its affiliated organizaA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
tions. Policy Research Working Papers arc also posted on the Web at http://ccon.worldbank.org. The author may be contracted at rcscarch^-Avorldbank.orPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change obfective of the scries i! to get the findings out Cjuukly even if the pmniaitons art less than fully polished. The papers carry the namei of the authors and should be cited accordingly Ihe findings. interpretations. and conclusions expmed in thà paper are entirely those ofthe authors. lhey do not A polycentric approach for coping with climate change necessarily represent the tietvs ofthe International Rank for Reconstruction and [ievelopment/World Rank and its affiliated organisations. or those ofA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
the Executive Directon of the World Rant or the gotrrnmentt they represent.Produced by the Research Support TeamA POLYCENTRIC APPROACH FOR COPING WITHPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change ona State UniversityReport prepared for the WDR2010 Core Team. Development and Economics Research Group. World Bank. 1818 H Street NW, Washington. DC 20433. Thanks to Jimmy-Walker for several discussions of the questions raised in this report and to Patty Lezotte for her excellent editing help and I A polycentric approach for coping with climate change o the National Science Foundation for research support.Workshop in Political Theory and Policy AnalysisIndiana University, 513 North Park, BloomingtonA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
, IN 47408 3895 USA 812.8S5.0441 / fax: 812.8S5.31S0 / worksliop@mdiana.edu / www.indiana.edu/~workshopA POLYCENTRIC APPROACH FOR COPING WITH CLIMATE Policy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, opened a panel on Global Change at the October 7, 2007. Stated Meeting of the American Academy of .Arts and Sciences with several warnings about the severity' and diversity of effects that are predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). Meserv A polycentric approach for coping with climate change e (2008: 31) stressed that "climate change is a severe challenge that no one country can solve.” Rosina Bierbaum, Dean of the School of Natural ResourA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
ces and Environment at the University of Michigan, in her own excellent analysis of the problem, also stressed the inuninent dangers that the world waPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change s stimulating.Instead of focusing primarily on the need for a global solution. Bierbaum (2008: 34) stressed that adaptation research has been lagging and that we “are not making progress in understanding vulnerability to climate change and its potential impacts on humans, conducting risk analysis, o A polycentric approach for coping with climate change r understanding what stakeholders want from science to aid decision making." In addition to the excellent research agenda outlined by Bierbaum. it isA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
also essential that substantial research reexamine Meserve’s view that solutions to global change must be global in scale. I agree with him that “no oPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change e wealthier countries of the world—this would be a grossly inadequate effort.Must We Wait for a Global Solution?Waiting for a single worldwide "solution" to emerge from global negotiations is also problematic. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or A polycentric approach for coping with climate change FCCC) is an international environmental treaty created and signed at the Conference of the Parties of the UNFCC in Kyoto in 1997. While more than 180A polycentric approach for coping with climate change
countries have ratified the Protocol, the United States has not. Further, considerable disagreements exist even among the major states that have signPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change ving efficient and failmechanisms at a global level. One relates to who is responsible for the current and immediate future levels of carbon dioxide (CO:) in the atmosphere (Botsen et al.. 2008; Dellink et al.. 2009; den Elzen et al.. 2005). This is related to who should bear the primary burden of p A polycentric approach for coping with climate change aying for solutions (Najam et al., 2003; Baer et al., 2000; Posner and Sunstein. 2008). Other debates relate to whether or not various “remedies" propA polycentric approach for coping with climate change
osed to reduce carbon sequestration contribute to helping solve other environmental concerns. One puzzle is related to whether deforestation contributPolicy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor Ostr A polycentric approach for coping with climate change mportant and must be taken into account when planning afforestation efforts (Bala et al.. 2007). Similarly, scholarly concerns have been raised about claims that Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) can jointly increase carbon sequestration and enhance species conservation on the same landscape (Ne A polycentric approach for coping with climate change lson et al., 2008).3Policy Research Working Paper5095Background Paper to the 2010 World Development ReportA Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate ChangeElinor OstrGọi ngay
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