Essentials of english grammar part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Essentials of english grammar part 2
Essentials of english grammar part 2
CHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 e meaning of plural.—Special meaning in plural.—Words used in plural only.20.Ip To indicate a definite number we have the so-called cardinal numerals: One, two, three, etc.It will be seen that the first numerals up to twelve are formed unsystematically, but that there is some system in the words fro Essentials of english grammar part 2 m 13 to 19, which are formed by composition of the numbers three, four, etc., with teen, a modified form of ten—the first part of the compound being aEssentials of english grammar part 2
lso in some cases modified: another system comprises the “tens” formed by means of -Av here, too. some of the first parts are modified: twenty, thirtyCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 multiplication and addition. e.g. 2569, two thousand five hundred and sixty-nine. In additions of tens and ones the old practice as in five and twenty has now generally given way to the opposite order without and: twenty-five; this is imperative when hundred precedes: 325. three hundred and twenty- Essentials of english grammar part 2 five.From the numerals in -teen is evolved the indefinite numeral teens: she is still in her teens.As still more indefinite numerals may be consideredEssentials of english grammar part 2
some, many, few (a few), numerous, etc. Note also the use of odd: forty odd.Instead of saying one time and two times we say once, twice. The third coCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 cardinals we have ordinals denoting position in a series. Here, too, we find that the first ones, which are most often used, are unsystematically formed: first, second, third (this evidently derived from three)', but from the fourth we have everywhere the same ending -th added to the cardinal, thoug Essentials of english grammar part 2 h this sometimes undergoes some modification in form -fifth, twelfth, while the modification in eighth and ninth is merely orthographic. CorrespondingEssentials of english grammar part 2
to -ly we have -tieth.The ending -th may be applied also to dozen and to mathematical symbols like n: the dozenth, the nth.Ordinals are used outside CHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 cent (hundredth).Essentials of english grammar 154Cardinals are used instead of ordinals (through the influence of reading) in cases like Book three (Book III), Chapter IX, in the year 1914, etc., thus always after number, which may be said to be a device to make a cardinal into an ordinal.Singular Essentials of english grammar part 2 and Plural20.21. Outside these numerals we have grammatical expressions of number in most substantives, in some pronouns and in some verbal forms, butEssentials of english grammar part 2
neither in adjectives nor in particles. While some languages distinguish a singular (for one), a dual (for two)— sometimes even a trial (for three)—aCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 0.2;. The regular way of forming the plural is by adding the s-ending with its threefold pronunciation (5.6;).[iz] after sibilants (hissing sounds) [z. s, J]: noses, horses, foxes, bridges, dishes, churches;[z] after voiced non-sibilants: bees, boys, ladies, flowers, cabs, kings, iambs, doves.[s] af Essentials of english grammar part 2 ter voiceless non-sibilants: caps, links, lamps, hats, cliffs.Spelling. A mute e is inserted between o and e in all familiar words: heroes, potatoes:Essentials of english grammar part 2
but neither in words felt as foreign: albinos, ghettos, solos, nor in curtailed words like photos, pianos, nor when there is a vowel before o: folios,CHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 proper names: Henrys, Pollys.After a sibilant -es is added in the spelling, except, of course, in such words as horses, bridges, where an -e is written in the singular.Corps *3 makes regularly though the spelling is identical in both numbers.20.2,;. Some words have a voiceless consonant in the singu Essentials of english grammar part 2 lar and the corresponding voiced sound in the plural (5.6). namely:-1a dozen words in [f], written/or/?, plural [vz], written ves; thus:thief, pl. thiEssentials of english grammar part 2
eveswife, pl. wivesIn the same way are formed the plurals calves, halves, knives, leaves, lives, loaves, selves (ourselves, etc.), sheaves, shelves, wCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 French like chiefs, fiefs, griefs, though òee/has the archaic beeves. The ending is also [fs] in words like coughs, laughs, troughs: paragraphs, etc.Vacillation is found in the plural of scarf and wharf. Staff originally made the plural staves (note the different vowel sound); but a new singular was Essentials of english grammar part 2 developed from this: stave in the two senses “piece of a cask” and “stanza, piece of music,” while a regular plural has been formed, staffs, “bodiesEssentials of english grammar part 2
of men”; cf. also flagstaffs.-2Words with a long vowel or diphthong before [p] change this into [0] before [z]; the change is not shown in the spellinCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—The Essentials of english grammar part 2 r a short vowel, as in smiths, myths, deaths, and after a consonant: months, healths; thus also after a written r, though this no longer has a consonantal sound: births, fourths, hearths. The old regular plural of cloth was clothes (with regard to the vowel cp. staff staves), but in meaning as well Essentials of english grammar part 2 as in sound the two are now so different that clothes must be considered a word apart, and a new plural has been formed, cloths (table cloths, horse cEssentials of english grammar part 2
loths the sense “different kinds of cloth.” also pronounced (kb|»s).CHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—TheCHAPTER XXNUMBERNumerals.—Ordinals.—Singularand plural.—Substantives.—Irregularities.—Learaed plurals.—The unchanged plural.—Com-pounds.—Pronouns.—TheGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook