Management of matutake in NW yunnan and
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Management of matutake in NW yunnan and
Management of matutake in NW yunnan and
.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and , Jiauchii Xu11Laboratory of Biogeography and Biodiversity. Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Kunming 6502042Center of Mountain Ecosystem. Kunming Institute of Botany3The Endangered Species Import and Export Management Office of the People’s Republic of China. Kunming Off Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ice4The Namre Conservancy. Kunming OfficeABSTRACTMatsutake is a group of economically important wild mushrooms. It contributes greatly to local economManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
y and livelihoods in many places of the world. The management and sustainable use of this resource is gaining increasing attention in NW-Yunnan. one o.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ollection, and cunent management in NW-Yunnan We also identify key issues and challenges to for the sustainable utilization of this valuable resource.Keywords: matsutake mushroom, management. Northwest Yunnan1INTRODUCTION1.1SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL VALUE OF MATSUTAKE MUSHROOMMatsutake mushroom IS an au Management of matutake in NW yunnan and tumn delicacy favored by Japanese since ancient nines. Autumn is season of harvesting (minor/ nơ aki) and hearty appetites (shơknyoka nơ akl) in JapanManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
. Several foods are associated closely with autumn in Japanese tradition: new rice (Sliinmai). mushrooms (Kinoko) including Matsutake and Shimeji. wil.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ing of mushroom”. Matsutake gathered in groves of akamatsn or ted pine in Japan are considered the finest in flavor and fragrance and command such a high price that most people can only afford to eat once a year, if at all. The subtle flavor of this delicacy is often enjoyed by cooking a single mats Management of matutake in NW yunnan and iitake. sliced into small pieces, with rice (matsnrake gơhan) (Anonym. 1999). More than seasonal delicacy, matsutake also symbolize fertility'. and byManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
extension, good fortune and happiness (Hosford er al.. 1997). In ancient. Matsutake is mainly used by nobles and priests; now It becomes a public con.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and anes from USS 27 to USS 560 per kilogram (Wang er al.. 1997). Consumption in Japan is approximately 3000 tonnes per year, of which Japan produces 1000 tonnes in a good year (Van On. 1993). Tile remainder IS imported mainly from Korea. China, and North America. Matsutake collection can generate signi Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ficant income, for example, in Canada, the British Columbia wild mushroom industry harvests 250-400 tonnes per year, with a value of USS 25-45 millionManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
(Wills and Lipsey. 1999). Collection of Matsutake has recently become more and more important in northwest-49-Yunnan. China as oiher income streams (.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and imposed in 1998 in an attempt to conserve watershed integrity (Yeh. 2000).1.2NATURE OF MATSUTAKE MUSHROOM"Matsu-take" translates literally as "pine-mushroom" from the Japanese. Originally, matsutake referred to Trichoìoitữt marstiMke, but subsequently the name refers to a group of similar mushrooms Management of matutake in NW yunnan and related to T. mafsurake (Hosford et al.. 1997). There are about 15 species (and one variety) distributed worldwide (Zang. 1990. Liu et al.. 1999). ThManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
ey OCCIU in Asia (mainly T. niatsutakè). North America (mainly T. Hiagnivelare. also known as American matsutake). Europe (mainly T. caligatimi. also .48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and t al.. 1999). of which T. matsutake is the most valuable and intensively exploited. Matsutake mushrooms are soil-borne and perennial mycorrhizal fungi. They' develop a symbiotic association with the roots of specific trees (Ogawa. 1976: James. 1998). In NW Yunnan, these trees are mainly Finns spp an Management of matutake in NW yunnan and d Qucner spp.1.3NORTHWEST YUNNANLocated ui the southern mountain region (Hengduan Mountains) of the Eastern Himalayas, northwest Yunnan is in a transiManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
tional zone between the Qmghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateaus. Tliree major rivers, the Lancang (Mekong). Jmsha (upper reaches of the Yangtze) and .48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and om 6740m at the summit of Kawagebo to about 500m hi the lower parts of the Nujiang valley. The variation of topography and latimde results in a high diversity of microclimates. Consequently, northwest Yunnan contains 40°0 of the province’s 15.000 plant species and is recognized as a global biodivers Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ity hotspot (Myers et al.. 2002).1.4MATSUTAKE DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTION & TRADE IN YUNNANAs noted in Table 1. Japan annually imports 2300-3500 metric tManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
onnes of matsutake (Gong and Wang. 2004). 1/3 to nearly 2'3's of which comes from China. Southwest China (mainly northwest Yunnan and southwest Sichua.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and d Jilin provinces).Table 1. Matsutake importat of Japan (m tonnes), adopted from (Gong and Wang. 2004) 199519961997199819992001Total Importation351527033059524829352394From South Korea6351702493?5515181From North KoreaTũĩ5416151086507210From ChinaĨĨ9ĨĨĨ521076ĨĨĨ312921531Percentage from China 33.88 4 Management of matutake in NW yunnan and 2.62 35.17 40.42 44 02 63.95.50.In Yunnan. the income from matsutake ranks number one among all exported agricultural products and NTFPs. In 2005. morManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
e than U.S. $44 million was generated by the export of Matsutake. The distr ibution and abundance of matsutake in Yunnan is shown in Fig 1. Tire most .48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and etric tonnes. Diqing Prefecture (which includes Shangri-la. formerly known as Zliongdian) accounted for 47% of Yunnan's matsutake exports, while Dali. Chuxiong and Lijiang prefectures accounted for 21%. 18% and 12% respectively (Fig 2).Figure 1 Distribution of Matsutake Production in Yuiman (Data ba Management of matutake in NW yunnan and sed on year 2005)The trend of matsutake production in Yunnan IS difficult to evaluate 111 the hunted tune frame for which data is available. Data forManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
Shangri-La County between 1998 and 2005 is shown in Fig 3. As can be seen, there are great year-to-year differences in amounts of matsutake harvested..48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and though this lias not been substantiated. It is generally agreed upon by local mushroom pickers, traders and researchers that weather is the most significant factor conưibuting to crop fluctuations. While methods of harvest and habitat management are also considered important, it IS difficult to quan Management of matutake in NW yunnan and tify their impacts, if any. with the information available Continued monitoring over the long tenn IS necessary' before a trend can be establishedhttpManagement of matutake in NW yunnan and
s://khothuvien.cori!Figure 2. Matsutake Production in Yunnan Province in 2005 with a total production of 1300 metric tonsFigure 3. Matsutake productio.48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu, Management of matutake in NW yunnan and he same year The difference could be due to two reasons’ 1. domestic consumptions and 2. export via Sichuan Province (eg preserved products). Moreover, the total amoimt of Matsutake trade in Shangri-La city mainly from Diqing Prefecnue (mainly Shangri-La and Deqin Comities), part from Gangzi Prefecn Management of matutake in NW yunnan and ue of Sichuan Province and part from Changdu Prefecnue of TAR (Tibetan Autonomous Region)..48.MANAGEMENT OF MATSUTAKE IN NW-VUNNAN AND KEY ISSUES FOR ITS SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATIONNuclei Yang*. Juu He2, Chun Li5. Jianzhoug Ma‘, Yougping Yangu,Gọi ngay
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