The impact of media and technology in sc
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The impact of media and technology in sc
The Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc iaFebruary 12,1998Executive SummaryIntroductionThere are (WO major approaches to using media and technology in schools. First, students can learn ’’from" media and technology, and second, they can leant "with” media and technology. Learning “from" media and technology is often referred to in terms s The impact of media and technology in sc uch as instructional television, computer-based instruction, or integrated learning systems. Learning •‘with” technology is referred to in terms suchThe impact of media and technology in sc
as cognitive tools and constructivist learning environments.Regardless of the approach, media and technology have been introduced into schools becauseThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc eness and impact of media and technology in K-12 schools around the world. A limitation of this report is that the vast majority of the published research on the effectiveness of media and technology in schools was conducted in English-speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom The impact of media and technology in sc , and the United States of America.For the purposes of this report, media is defined as "all means of conununication, whatever its format." In this seThe impact of media and technology in sc
nse, media include symbol systems as diverse as print, graphics, animation, audio, and motion pictures. Technology is defined as "any object or procesThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc rnet. With respect to education, media are the symbol systems that teachers and students use to represent knowledge; technologies are the tools that allow them to share their knowledge representations with others. Unfortunately, it is common to confound the meanings of media and technology in educat The impact of media and technology in sc ion, and they are often used synonymously.One of the major reasons for the widespread attention focused on media and technology in education today isThe impact of media and technology in sc
the enormous financial investment being made in media and technology in education around the world. For example, a recent Presidential report in the UThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc ant 1996 dollars) should be earmarked for technology-related expenditures.”Learning “From” Media and TechnologyThe foundation for the use of media and technology as “tutors" in schools is "educational communications,” i.e., the deliberate and intentional act of communicating content to students with The impact of media and technology in sc the assumption that they will learn1something "from" these communications. The instructional processes inherent in the “from" approach to using mediaThe impact of media and technology in sc
and technology in schools can be reduced to a series of simple steps:1)exposing students to messages encoded in media and delivered by technology,2)aThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc as to the adequacy of the response.Television and the computer arc the two primary technologies used in the “from" approach. The findings concerning the impact of television in education can be summed up as:•There is no conclusive evidence that television stultifies the mind.•There is no consistent The impact of media and technology in sc evidence dial television increases cither hyperactivity or passivity in children.•There is insufficient evidence that television viewing displaces acaThe impact of media and technology in sc
demic activities such as reading or homework and thereby has a negative impact on school achievement. The relationship between the amount of time spenThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc viewing periods.•The preponderance of the research evidence indicates that viewing violence on television is moderately correlated with aggression in children and adolescents.•Forty years of research show positive effects on learning from television programs that are explicitly produced and used fo The impact of media and technology in sc r instructional purposes.•Most studies show that there are no significant differences in effectiveness between live teacher presentations and videos oThe impact of media and technology in sc
f teacher presentations.•Television is not widely in classrooms because teachers experience difficulty in previewing videos, obtaining equipment, incoThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc sed instruction (CB1) in education can be summed up as:•Computers as tutors have positive effects on learning as measured by standardized achievement tests, arc more motivating for students, arc accepted by more teachers than other technologies, and are widely supported by administrators, parents, p The impact of media and technology in sc oliticians, and the public in general.•Students are able to complete a given set of educational objectives in less time with CB1 than needed in more tThe impact of media and technology in sc
raditional approaches.•Limited research and evaluation studies indicate that integrated learning systems t ILS) are effective forms of CBI which are qThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc stream education because of technical difficulties inherent in building student models and facilitating human-like communications.Overall, the differences that have been found between media and technology as tutors and human teachers have been modest and inconsistent. It appears that the larger valu The impact of media and technology in sc e of media and technology as tutors rests in their capacity to motivate students, increase equity of access, and reduce the time needed to accomplishThe impact of media and technology in sc
a given set of objectives.Learning “With” Media and TechnologyComputer-based cognitive tools have been intentionally adapted or developer! to functionThe Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgi The impact of media and technology in sc sheets, semantic networks, expert systems, communications software such as teleconferencing programs, on-line collaborative knowledge construction environments, multimedia, hypermedia construction software, and computer programming languages. The impact of media and technology in sc The Impact of Media and Technology in SchoolsA Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann FoundationThomas c. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of GeorgiGọi ngay
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