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Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

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Nội dung chi tiết: Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications versity of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Elec

trical and Electronic Engineering40513AbstractNew bandgap semiconductor materials, such as Gallium Nitride (GaN), promise to revolutionise the world o Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

f microwave power amplifiers by providing high power density, linear operation and robustness up to Ka-band frequencies (35GHz). Applications which re

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

quire very high RF powers still utilise vacuum tube devices, thus a breakthrough in semiconductor technology is long overdue. Nevertheless, despite th

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications her lll-v alloys from achieving the performance and reliability levels required. In addition, some of these issues, such as trapping effects, may be e

xacerbated when the devices are operated in pulsed mode as is done in Radar systems. A number of studies have investigated both commercial and prototy Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

pe GaN devices in Continuous Wave (CW) mode. This thesis addresses the suitability of such devices to pulsed applications and provides corrective expe

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

rimental characterisation and recommendations.In this thesis, a thorough analysis of physics, technology and research status of GaN High Electron Mobi

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications ntly subjected to extensive investigations both in the frequency and time domain. Such tests aim at verifying the presence of possible trapping effect

s and their effect on the performance of pulsed GaN amplifiers. New measures, as Spectral Asymmetry and spectrum-derived Pulse Width Variation, are al Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

so introduced which may be useful performance indicators for pulsed amplifiers and be of aid to device manufacturers and circuit designers. In additio

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

n, device level tests are also carried out on both Cree and Nitronex devices which investigate the presence of the trapping effects, and their influen

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications icant trapping effects are present in commercially available devices and, more importantly, that they have much longer time constants (10s and 100s of

seconds) than are encountered in other technologies such as GaAs (ms). An appropriate characterisation setup is therefore required, at device level, Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

in order to obtain meaningful l-V characteristics. Operational parameters such as pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle were also found to affect

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

the l-V characteristic of the devices and should therefore be taken into account when designing pulsed amplifiers.It was also observed that the perfor

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications quencies (PRFs) and power levels. This demonstrates that such GaN devices may be suitable for Radar applications. Nevertheless, when the amplifiers we

re pushed to higher drive levels, a considerable increase in fall time was observed which was chiefly due to third order non-linearites and could be m Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

odelled by means of third order polynomials. In addition, the new performance measures introduced were found to be very useful in the selection of app

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

ropriate bias points for the transistor. An appropriate choice of bias was found to considerably improve the performance of a pulsed amplifier in term

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications her frequency amplifiers which have recently become available.IIAcknowledgementsFirst and foremost I would like to thank Prof Mark Beach for offering

this wonderful opportunity to me, establishing the liaisons with MBDA and procuring the funding for my Ph.D. I would also like to thank him for being Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

very understanding and supportive particularly through the difficult times. I am also thankful to Dr Kevin Morris for being my supervisor and for bein

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

g engaging in our meetings and discussions.Iwould also like to thank Chris Carter and MBDA for their support and help and for the interest and admirat

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications s way to look after me during my time in Australia. Not only did he give me the opportunity to greatly further my technical knowledge but he also ensu

red that I was fully integrated in the teaching and research community of Sydney and Macquarie Universities.Mr Ken Stevens deserves a really special m Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

ention for his help and support on both a technical and personal level. His encouragement and technical know-how were key to the successful realisatio

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

n of the test setups used for the experiments.I am also very grateful to Prof McGeehan for his advice and encouragement and for his support and praise

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications ulation tools, Cree Inc and Nitronex for supplying free samples and Marco Brunetti for his help with the graphics.In addition there are no words to ex

press my gratitude to my dearest friends Magnus and Roger who were always there for me through all the adversities that life challenged me with in the Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

last four years. Without their help, encouragement and support I could not have achieved this.IllAuthor's DeclarationI declare that the work in this

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

dissertation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the University's Regulations and Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes a

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of, others, IS indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those

of the author.SIGNED:DATE:IVTable of Contents1Introduction..........................................................................11.1Solid State Po Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

wer Amplifiers and Radar Transmitters................................11.2Monopulse Radar..............................................................

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications

......51.3Key Objectives.....................................................................81.4Overview of the Research Work........................

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar Applications eterojunctions.........................................122.1Introduction......................................................................12

Characterisation and Performance Optimisation of GaN HEMTs and Amplifiers for Radar ApplicationsFrancesco FornettiA dissertation submitted to the Univ

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