ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qry Shaffer gshafferg; law.uci.eduUniversity of California, Irvine ~ School of LawThe paper can be downloaded free of charge from SSRN at:Retooling Trade Agreements for Social Inclusion By Gregory Shaffer1Forthcoming, 20 J 9 Illinois Law Review 1 (20I9fAbstract: International trade law has been obliv ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qious to social inclusion. It is not the reason for the weakening of the U.S. economy and entrenchments of poverty, but It is nevertheless blamed for tACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
hem, including the shuttering of factories, joblessness, and even homelessness. Although it is not primarily to blame, it IS not wholly innocent eithe|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q This Article addresses why international trade law needs to be structured in ways that support social inclusion if society is to turn the tide against rising neo-nationalism. racism, and authoritarianism. The impacts of trade and rapid technological change on income inequality and the security of w ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qork have become politically salient issues in the United States and Europe. They have led to the rise of nativist political parties that threaten to uACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
pset the international institutional framework. The outcome could be dire. The Article shows how international economic law can and should be retooled|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qpport labor protection; (iv) deter social dumping; and (v) enable industrial policy experimentation for development.Introduction“Because NAFTA, Signed by her husband, is perhaps the greatest disaster trade deal in the history of the world. Not in this country. It stripped US of manufacturing jobs. ỉ ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qỉ'e lost our jobs. ỉf’e lost our money, ne lost our plants. It is a disaster. And now she wants to sign TPP. ”-Donald Trump, Second Presidential DebatACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
e. Oct. 9.2016*When companies lay off thousands of employees, causing ripple effects in local economies, politicians blame “bad trade deals.” The trad|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qnard Hoekman. Aaron James. Nicolas Lamp. Omn Marian. Tim Meyer. Kerry Rittich. Alvaro Santos. David Tiubek. Maik Wu. Jonathan Zeitlin, and other participants at workshops at Georgetown University. Harvard University. University of California. Irvine. and the World Trade Institute. Bern for their com ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qments.•' In fact, the agreement was signed by President George Bush but only approved by both houses of Congress under President William Clinton.>le aACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
t: https://ssrn.convabstract=321responds. in defense of the status quo, that trade is not the problem, but domestie policy is. Yet. international trad|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qn of President Donald frump in the United Slates, and the rise of neo-nationalist parties in Europe, the new trade establishment mantra is that trade must be made more “inclusive.” The World Trade Organization (WTO) named the 2016 "YTÕ Public Forum” "Inclusive Trade.”5 In 2017. the WTO and Internati ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qonal Labor Organization (1LO) issued a joint report entitled “investing in Skills for Inclusive Trade.”* * * 4 while the WTO joined forces with the WoACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
rld Bank and International Monetary Fund to publish a separate report on trade, economic growth and adjustment facilitation to help those harmed by tr|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qlly achieved? This Article’s thesis is that the trade establishment's traditional approach of calling for complementary domestic policy in parallel to trade liberalization is critical but no longer sufficient, and that trade agreements should be designed, directly and indirectly, to enable domestic ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qpolicy choices over social policy. Otherwise the multilateral system risks collapse, with dire results. The .Article proposes an array of complementarACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
y ways that this can be done.The trade establishment’s traditional approach comprises two steps. In the first step, countries sign international trade|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q trade creates “losers" as well as “winners,” affecting who gels what part of (he pic. countries support those banned through* WTO Public Forum 2016 Inclusive Trade. World Tradl Oruamzahon. hups:www.wto.org english forums e public tbrumló e public foniml6 e.htinl (last visited Oct. 13.2017).4 WORID ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7QfRADF. ORGANIZATION INTFRNATIONAT. Labor Omer. INVESTING IN SKIĨI.S FOR LxcLtsrvt Tradl (2017). https:-1 www.vtT0.org english-res e booksp e investinsACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
skills e pdf (last visited Oct. 13, 2017). See also International Monetary Fund el al.. Making Trade mt Engine of Grow th for All: the ('axe for Trade|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q 04 08 making-aade-an-engine-of-growth-for-all.- IMF. World Bank, and WTO. Making Trade an Engine for Growth The Case for Trade and for Policies to Facilitate Adjustment 4 (2017) (stressing the benefits of uade for "lower-income households" because of lower prices, while calling for accompanying dom ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qestic policies to facilitate worker adjustment "across firms, industries and regions" when they lose their jobs because of trade).domestic social poliACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
cy.6 Northern European countries were long viewed as models. Through liberalized trade, they maximized social welfare, and through social policy they |Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qmodel into question.7 These structural forces empower capital against labor, on the one hand, and capital against government, on the other. Because technological change enables capital to produce and trade more efficiently from abroad, capital can threaten to offshore jobs if workers insist on highe ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qr wages and better working conditions. At the same time, capital plays governments off each other, threatening to invest abroad if taxes on capital arACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
e not reduced and if subsidies are not increased. Capital's increased leverage threatens to erode governments' ability to fond social protection and e|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q the world.8 If governments are unable to coordinate to overcome collective action problems and enable social and developmental policy experimentation, then further trade liberalization will exacerbate the crisis in trade governance's legitimacy. As a result, the cunent multilateral system is under ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qthe greatest challenge since it was created after the devastation of the Great Depression and World War II.This Article proceeds in five pans. Part IACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
characterizes the fundamental purposes of the WTO and trade agreements, which should be viewed as much broader than trade liberalization. Part II pres|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qo technological change since the WTO was created in 1995. Part IV explains how the trade policy community responded to6See e.g. IMF. World Bank, and WTO. Making Trade an Engine, supra note.... at 4 (■‘(u)nderstanding the various factors driving dislocations is critical to designing appropriate domes ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qtic policies to address them").7See Part II below. In an article written after the mass demonstrations at the WTO Ministerial Meeting in Seattle. I arACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
gued that there is sufficient domestic policy space to address labor and environmental concerns as evidenced by the stronger social policies in Europe|Ệ|à School of LawUniversity o/California • IrvineLegal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2018-54Retooling Trade Agreements for Social InclusionGregor ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qlues: The Impact of U.S Domestic Politics on Trade-Labor, Trade-Environment Linkages for the WTO's Future. 24 Fordham INT. L J 608 (2000). Today, a coordinated response that directly addresses social policy is required, including to counter the rise of neo-nationalists.- BRANKO Milanovic, global ine ACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Qquality: a new .approach For the age of Globalization 46-117 (2016) (noting waves of relative income inequality and that inequality has generally beenACFrOgAEKC2MV0wk9tlQoPUGGWZyuWrwj2ZoyF3VbcLjfaUT3OzzyCzr3bd4peOA3zmlIrqpeQUM2kJTp-rVveeZztXhJt9rkd5-cYUe5DNTe6i5o4w5dmRvHSA9K7Q
increasing within states, with the most dramatic shifts being in Anglo-Saxon countries).Electronic copy3217392Gọi ngay
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