How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
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How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ris University Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3099ABSTRACTEven under the current chaotic economic and highly competitive environments, U.S. consumers continue with their love affair with their personal vehicles. An empirical study was conducted of employed professionals, representative of the marketing and fi How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0nancial services industry located within the metropolitan section of Pittsburgh, PA. resulting in 191 useable questionnaires. The thrust was to investHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
igate the degree of seriousness on the part of working professionals’ promoting new initiatives, such as public transportation and purchasing hybrid v0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0 and its relationship to customer relationship management. It was found through multivariate analysis that the influence of selected financial incentives can be quite powerful, especially by the use of employer-based and supported transportation programming. In general, such employer-supported progr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ams were very well received in changing employee behavior for those would were so privileged, which may lead to a happier and more productive workforcHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
e.KEY WORDS: automotive industry, corporate strategy, customer relationship management, e-finance, empirical, hybrid vehicles, transportation.Alan D. 0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0 Pittsburgh, PA. Previously he was Chair of the Department of Quantitative and Natural Sciences and Coordinator of Engineering Programs at the same institution, as well as Associate Professor of Business Administration and Director of Coal Mining Administration at Eastern Kentucky University. He hol How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ds concurrent PhDs in Engineering Systems'Educaiion from The University of Akron and in Business Administration (OM and MIS) from Kent Stale UniversitHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
y, as well as author of numerous articles and book chapters.1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1Economic pressures on transportation optionsIn particular. U.S. citizen0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ed many inthe U.S. to consider changing their personal transportation habits and look for alternative ways totravel to work or around their towns. The global recession has forced many consumers to1consider alternate means of transportation, whether in the form of public transportation, new hybrid ve How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0hicles, car pooling, employer incentive programs or other means. Although that trend is projected until the price of fuel takes a significant drop, thHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
ere has been some evidence that many citizens are serious about reducing green house gases from the burning of fossil fuels and want a more sustainabl0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0iles out of their gas tank each week, the current economic situation and credit crunch have had a major impact on personal transportation habits.1.2Customer relationship management aspectsWhen it comes to personal transportation choices, customer relationship management (CRM) should help formulated How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0the desirable and competitive options available to consumers. CRM examines the relationship a company has with its customers or end-users, attemptingHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
to always make this interaction more valuable or positive for each party involved (Anton and Petouhoff, 2002). CRM-sawy companies who successfully int0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0gure 1, a conceptual CRM model for pursuing alternatives in personal commuting, automakers have been adapting slowly to customer demands in the recent economic downturn. With oil prices reaching an all-time high in mid-2008, domestic manufacturers did not readily promote or produce its fuel-efficien How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0t models, to their detriment. Customers clamored to trade in their gas-guzzling sport utility vehicles for smaller, greener vehicles, but found the maHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
rket unable to respond to the increased demand.In recent years, the environment has been a hot-button issue for many concerned consumers. Much discuss0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0e. However, the automotive industry has not responded quickly and, according to some, not in earnest, to this Idlest trend in customer thinking. Their products and promotions emphasized that bigger is boner, and that a faster car with less fuel economy is also desirable: unfortunately, these types o How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0f vehicles sold very well in the past and resulted in significant profits lor automobile manufacturers. Millions of pickup trucks and SUVs have been pHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
roduced in the recent years, many of which are still silting in the showroom with reduced prices in order to sell them (Harris, 2008). Some argue that0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0els, many of which still have relatively low-fuel economy, onto consumers. This shortsighted sales pilch convinced millions of buyers to purchase foreign-built cars that were more in line with their desires and needs as a customer.A second segment of buyers were also negatively affected by the autom How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0akers' sluggish response to customer demand. Thousands of domestic consumers depend on larger vehicles like trucks and SUVs to earn a paycheck or takeHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
their children around town. This market segment found very few trucks and SUVs that achieved the level of fuel economy that most consumers were looki0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ar sales to drop and consumer satisfaction to plummet. These issues led lo pandemic dissatisfaction with the domestic automotive industry, hurting both their relationships with customers and their financial bottom line. CRM and personal transportation choices extend beyond the realm of the Big Three How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0's slow response to changing demand, rhe spike in oil prices also led to many companies implementing commuter-assistance programs designed to ease theHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
burden of traveling to and from the3workplace (Kiger, 2008). In (his example, firms take the role of the company while its employees are viewed as th0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0s to find “alternative” means for commuting to work. The first type of program, designed to mitigate the cost of commuting on your own, was implemented using several means. Most often, firms would offer to pay a portion of the employee's fuel costs associated with commuting. This encouraged employee How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0s to travel on their own, and may take the place of employees needing to buy a more fuel-efficient vehicle to save on travel costs.4More respondent toHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
customer desires, firms attempted to nudge its employees into taking alternative means of traveling to work. This came in the form of issuing credits0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0hese programs appealed to the environmentally sensitive customer base, but were not frequently used by employees (Kiger, 2008). This phenomenon can be explained by examining a third facet of personal transportation CRM, which is the American public transportation system, as demonstrated in Figure 1. How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.01.3Public transportation optionsPublic transportation has been a mainstay in urban areas around the world, becoming most popular in Europe, where travHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
eling via personal automobile is more expensive compared to the U.S. In the U.S., however, personal commuting is a symbol of freedom, and in some case0FINANCIAL AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICES IN PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITSAlan D. Smith. smitha(a>rmu.edu Department of Management and Marketing Robert Morr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ocal governments to bring in more revenue. This attitude is understood when examining the U.S. work ethic, as the workforce is typically very conscious of time and is frequently in a hurry. The average commute time for workers driving on their own is 25 minutes, while the commute time with public tr How to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0ansportation is over 40 minutes (Semmens, 2007), which presents a disadvantage in a time-conscious society. The cost of an extra six minutes out of onHow to Study & Teach the Bible_eng_cn_2151_v1.0.0
e’s day is seen as a colossal downfall to public transportation. In addition, the 40-minute statistic may in fact be much greater. For many Americans,Gọi ngay
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