Production of A thousand clowns
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Production of A thousand clowns
Domestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsShearer1, H Musa1, p H Baker2, c Sanders2, p A Strachan’, N J Kelly-' and A Markopoulos51: Mackintosh Environmental Architecture Research Unit (MEARU). Mackintosh School of Architecture. The Glasgow School of Art. 167 Renfrew st. Glasgow G3 6RQ: Tel. +141-353-4657Principal Investigator: Prof Colin P Production of A thousand clownsorteous c.porteous@qsa.ac.uk (corresponding author):Co-investigators: Dr Tim Sharpe t.sharpe@qsa.ac.uk: Rosalie Menon r.menon@qsa.ac.uk:Donald ShearerProduction of A thousand clowns
d.shearer@qsa.ac.uk: Senior Research Assistant: Dr Haruna Musa H.Musa@mmu.ac.uk.2: Centre for Research on Indoor Climate & Health (RICH), Glasgow CalDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsniversity of StrathclydeCo-investigators: Dr Paul Strachan paul@esru.strath.ac.uk: Dr Nick KellyProduction of A thousand clowns
indoor air quality (IAQ) and its implications for health has become a concern. This context relates to a 2008-2011 study. Environmental Assessment ofDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsng occupants' habits and trends, draws on monitored data from 22 case studies out of a wider survey of 100 dwellings in Glasgow. The smaller group included analysis of air samples, and provided scenarios for enhanced dynamic modelling via laboratory work on moisture buffering. The evidence suggests Production of A thousand clownsPID has important implications for energy consumption and IAQ: in the latter case because moisture levels are likely to boost dust mite populations anProduction of A thousand clowns
d concentrations of airborne mould spores. Thus findings indicate possible negative impacts on health, and the paper recommends amended standards alliDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clowns air quality; mould spores21 IntroductionThe overall research aim of ‘Environmental Assessment of Domestic Laundering' (EADL) was to investigate the energy use and other potentially detrimental environmental impacts attributable to domestic laundering, and to develop guidance to improve both aspects Production of A thousand clowns. The part played by laundering appliances in this regard has been addressed elsewhere [1]. This paper concennates on compromised energy efficiency anProduction of A thousand clowns
d indoor air quality (IAỌ) by the common global phenomenon of passive indoor drying (PID) especially urban flats in high-rainfall locations using a coDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clowns, PID influences and IAỌ using CO? to indicate ‘bad company; air sampling and analysis of mould spores; moisture buffering potential of certain building materials, involving laboratory analysis; and dynamic computer modelling to determine moisture and energy impacts of PID. Potential health issues a Production of A thousand clownsre explored - e g asthma (addressed theoretically relative to moisture and airborne mould spores). The issue of volatile organic compounds (VOCS) layProduction of A thousand clowns
outside EADL'S scope.Social rented housing in Glasgow was used as the main investigatory vehicle for two reasons. Firstly, it targets the greatest neeDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsly, there was viable accessibility. Some private sector homes were included, and. despite the dominance of various types and ages of urban Glasgow flats over suburban forms, the demography and findings are deemed relevant and transferable to all housing sectors and beyond Scotland [1], This paper co Production of A thousand clownsnfines itself to those aspects of the research objectives that relate primarily to the influences ol PID on energy and IAQ and possibilities for mitigProduction of A thousand clowns
ation:(i)To evaluate these influences in varied house types and demography, vis-á-vis the balance between energy efficiency and good IAQ. related probDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownselevant materials, surface finishes, furniture, etc. To also augment (i) by analysis of air samples.3https://khothuvien.cori!(iii)To extract performance metrics for the design variables studied, based on scenarios from (i) and material tests in (ii) and to generate a theoretical framework enhancing Production of A thousand clownsthe capabilities of ESP-r [2] to dynamically model transient moisture transport.(iv)To influence housing procurement, aiming for improved statutory stProduction of A thousand clowns
andards and disseminate a design guide detailing best practice.1The context for EADL was outlined by Porteous [3] who provided a historic review of IADomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsbility to carry out a full constructional analysis of condensation risk, mould growth continues to be problematic within housing. This IS in part due to the drive towards energy efficiency at the apparent expense of IAỌ The review also notes that the 19* c standard of 1,000 ppm CO; endures today as Production of A thousand clownsa desirable maximum indicator of IAỌ, despite significant socio-cultural changes. Similarly, the core method of air sampling and analysis dates from tProduction of A thousand clowns
he 1880s [4] and remains a relevant precedent for equivalent data from EADL.21“ c research by Shove prior to EADL challenged the likelihood of effectiDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsng domestic laundering [6: 7] - e.g. citing scripts ‘written into ...domestic washing machines and into the co-requisite sociotechnical arrangements (closed windows, machine washable clothing, etc.)*. Here, she relies on indirect data from Unilever interviewees, and appears to neglect PID. comparing Production of A thousand clowns tumble-drying to external line drying only. Household habits, including those relating to domestic laundering, are also summarised in recent SwedishProduction of A thousand clowns
work [8], using 31 dwellings of German Passivhaus standard. Contemporaneous UK work on patterns of domestic energy consumption argues that multi-disciDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsfamily circumstances to the efficiency and energy consumption of washing and drying, including PJD [10], Work on the health risk associated with Passivhaus-standard dwellings in die Netherlands [11] acknowledges PID as problematic and suggests alternative drying methods such as covered outdoor areas Production of A thousand clowns or special rooms.4The overall significance of occupants’ traits and habits with respect to IAQ and energy efficiency has been increasingly brought toProduction of A thousand clowns
the fore. Work in Denmark [12] highlights the issue of opening windows and adjusting set points on thermostats in response to perception of warmth anDomestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsresponse relationships for emissions from building products, but not for portable items mưoduced through recurring events such as PID [13], Work on perceived air quality and materiality (organic vs. synthetic building materials) suggests that a fragrance perceived as pleasant will give higher odour Production of A thousand clownsacceptability [14], The latter raises a question as to whether fragrance from detergents and additives would raise or lower odour acceptability. AlthoProduction of A thousand clowns
ugh such issues have been cited within larger reports (15), PID and its influence on energy efficiency and IAQ remains underinvestigated. This is the Domestic laundering - environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air qualityc D A Porteous1, T R Sharpe1, R Menon1, D S Production of A thousand clownsGlasgow was conducted (S100). These embraced demographic and architectural variety, with an 'interview-observe-measure' survey process carried out in differing weather over a calendar year. This consisted of a comprehensive questionnaire, subject to observational checking and additional research by Production of A thousand clownsthe investigator (e g architectural information), and measurements of temperature, relative humidity and co, (maximum 5.000 ppm) in order to provide aProduction of A thousand clowns
snapshot' of found conditions during daytime; and for later comparison with continuous measurements over a 2-week period tor a set of 22 dwellings (SGọi ngay
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