Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
REIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesa Okiro DeShaun BennettKleinman Center for Energy PolicyUNIVERSITY OÍ PENNSYLVANIA I SCHOOL OE DESIGNThis report has been prepared by the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy at the University of Pennsylvania. It was funded, in part, through a grant awarded to the Pennsylvania Small Business Developmen Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiest Centers by the U.S, Economic Development Administration as part of the Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization (POWERReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
) Initiative. The views and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of the University of Pennsylvania, the KleinREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-CommunitiesGovernment.The authors would like to thank Dr. James Hines. John Quigley, and Nancy Crickman for helpful review and comment on prior drafts. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors.eg3 Kleinman Centerfor Energy PolicyEXECUTIVE SUMMARYPENNSYLVANIA’S COAL MINING INDUSTRY BEGAN IN Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities THE MID-1700S AND GREW TO WARM COUNTLESS HOMES, POWER THE NATION, AND FUEL THE STEEL INDUSTRY AND THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. In turn, coal's importance to PReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
ennsylvania's economy grew, as homes, businesses, and towns developed around coal mines—much like factory towns. But over time, as is typical in manufREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitieso began using more machines and employing fewer laborers.This employment reduction trend has been occurring for decades, even as the amount of coal mined increased. The U.S. steel industry began to slow in the late 1970s into the early 1980s, as economic recessions softened steel demand, and competi Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiestion from foreign steel producers increased. Scientists learned more about the public health and environmental impacts of coal mining and combustion,Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
which led to increased regulations.Appalachian coal is buried deep underground, making it more expensive to mine than coal in other parts of the countREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesclined. These trends contributed to the ongoing erosion of coal mining employment, further depressing Pennsylvania’s small, rural coal towns.While coal mining unemployment and the depression of Pennsylvania’s coal towns has been gradually occurring for decades, the rise of Pennsylvania's Marcellus S Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitieshale natural gas resource resulted in rapid decline. Cheap and abundant natural gas extracted from the earth by machines aided by a comparably small nReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
umber of workers—quickly reduced coal demand, production,and employment, sending economic shockwaves through already struggling coal communities. And REIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesvastating for the people, businesses, and towns still dependent on coal mining.Pennsylvania's coal industry is unique because it produces two types of coal that are used in two different sectors. Bituminous coal in the west and northeast is used as fuel to produce electric power, whereas anthracite Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiescoal in the northeast IS used by the iron and steel industry. The persistent national downturn in coal demand primarily affects bituminous coal, whileReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
anthracite coal is exposed to a large, international export market.However the future demand for coal is unknown. As such, the strategies in this repREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesd less than 0.1% of total non-farm employment in Pennsylvania. But the coal industry supports additional indirect jobs (c.g. supply chain businesses) and induced jobs (c.g. stores or restaurants) that support individuals and communities. While each community is unique, many of these distressed coal Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiescommunities share similar characteristics, including high unemployment, aging populations, deteriorating or insufficient infrastructure, and educationReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
al attainment levels that arc lower than state and national averages. As people born, raised, and educated in these communities arc moving out. new, eREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesnew business into those communities.Kleinman Centerfor Energy PolicyWhat can ba done to help these people and places? This report attempts to capture and categorize local and regional strategies being pursued to assist distressed workers, businesses, and communities. The report captures current info Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesrmation from on-the-ground stakeholders—surveys with small-business owners, outreach for interviews with more than 125 stakeholders, and two regionalReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
meetings in coal producing areas of the state. This input is augmented with research into Pennsylvania's demographics, coal market data and trends, unREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-CommunitiesPennsylvania. Some of these strategies are still in the planning phase: others are in development: a few have been recently implemented. Most projects, however, are too early in their infancy to determine long-term efficacy.It goes without saying that financial resources available to assist people a Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesnd places impacted by the coal downturn are scarce. This reality often hinders the ability to implement revitalization or redevelopment strategies. ExReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
ploring, evaluating, and leveraging multiple strategies may be the best way to test for success, prior to deploying capital. When exploring developmenREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesity, pre-existing strengths and weaknesses, and others.Assistance strategies in Pennsylvania tend to fall under five key categones:•Planning and Development - using planning and development efforts to convert community liabilities into assets that can be leveraged for broader economic benefit.■Train Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesing - providing education and workforce development strategies, including promotion of entrepreneurship, to enhance and diversify employment opportuniReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
ties.•Technology - enabling the greater use of technology to ennch business opportunities.■Financing Options - employing innovative approaches to incrREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitieses and communities to diversify into new opportunities in growth industries or industries where there is a potential local competitive advantage.The report provides a review of the above categories, and outlines related sub-categones. For each subcategory strategy identified, the report highlights f Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesoreseeable implementation challenges, though additional challenges should be expected. Examples of implemented or proposed programs are provided for mReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
ost identified strategies. Insight boxes are included throughout the report to provide complementary data or perspectives to enable a deeper understanREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesdeveloping a community-specific approach, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration and cooperation, leveraging financial resources, and promoting organizational connections and individuals who are skilled connectors. Applying these four pnnciples to local governments and economic development organizati Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesons, four specific next steps are identified to help these entities lead coal community transition and diversification. These steps include: complemenReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
t regional economic development planning with community-specific plans, promote a culture of collaboration (not competition) among leadership organizaREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesyond target communities.The process of reimaging lives, enterprises, and communities must by definition be forward-looking. embracing change as an opportunity. For Pennsylvania's coal regions, any vision of the future and plan for transition must respect and honor the past. For many people, the chan Reimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communitiesges underway are not opportunities: they are real-life crises. Coal mining jobs pay large wage premiums. Although these are difficult jobs that presenReimagining-Pennsylvanias-Coal-Communities
t health hazards, they are often some of the best paying jobs around (when available). More fundamentally, coal and coal mining served as the foundatiGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook