RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
Paper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015o estimate the cost of service, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 25:4-5, 417-431To link to this article:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2011.596281The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to estimate the cost of service.Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes, Glenn RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015c. Parry'Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UKX. X. Huang - Researcher, Innovative Design and Manufacturing Research CentRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
re (IdMRC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1225 385366, E-mail: X.Huang@bath.ac.ukL. B. NewnPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, Tel: +44 (0)1225 386291, E-mail: l.b.newnes@bath.ac.ukG. c. Parry - Principal in Strategy and Operations Management, University of the West of England. Bristol Business School. UWE Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol. UK, BS16 1QY, Tel: +44 117 32 83453. E-mail:Glenn.Parr RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015y@uwe.ac.ukThe adaption of product cost estimation techniques to estimate the cost of serviceThis paper presents an approach to ascertain whether prodRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
uct cost estimating techniques can be adapted for use in estimating the costs for providing a service. The research methodology adopted consists of a Paper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015rovides knowledge of cost estimation, in particular for products and service with advantages and drawbacks defined. This leads to the proposition of applying product costing methods to services. Hence, proposals on how product costing approaches can contribute to the service industry are presented a RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015s the focus of this paper. Gaps and challenges for sendee costing are identified and corresponding future direction is suggested.Keywords: Product: SeRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
rvice: Product Cost estimation: Service Cost Estimation1. IntroductionWithin this research, the role of costing in various domains, especially in aeroPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015or service life cycle. In order to further assist the costing industry, the research presented in this paper places emphasis on estimating the cost for the provision of a service.Cost is the expenditure that has to be paid regardless of how much the company has gained or lost unless its business is RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015bankrupt. Thus, cost perhaps has the most influential impact on determining what the end product or service would be. In essence, keeping cost at a miRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
nimum whilst maintaining quality at a sufficient level is crucial for many companies’ survival in today’s competitive market place. Research shows thaPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015lay or increase cost at a later development stage, than those that complete cost estimation successfully (Hoult er <7/. 1996). It has also been found that customers are not only considering product costs but also the cost of after-sale services that companieshttps://khothuvien.cori!provide, e.g., wh RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015at companies services options are available and how the product should be disposed after use (Xu el al. 2006).The current trend shows companies are moRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
ving from selling and providing spare pans to offering customised sendee solutions, such as availability and capability (Huang el al. 2009). As an exaPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015ce 2009). The contract includes long-term TotalCare sendee support and aircraft deliveries started in 2010. Another typical example is the MoD which has moved to contracting for availability (a subset of capability), i.e. the contractor has to provide a service (Gray report, 2009). This indicates th RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015at the sendee costs (i.e. operation and support) has become an important pan of the total life cycle costs of a product or a service. Hence, it is impRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
ortant for sendee-based companies to adapt and apply appropriate cost estimating methods. To achieve this it is necessary to ascertain the most appropPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015es to estimate the cost of a sen ice are presented.2. Costing Review-Based on the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (CET 2010), cost estimation aims to determine the quantity and predict the costs of constructing a facility, manufacturing goods, or delivering a service. Product cos RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015t estimation is often involved in estimating the cost of producing and selling a physical good, such as a car, which includes the costs of research anRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
d development, designing, manufacturing, marketing and distribution, and customer sendee (Park et al. 2002). In comparison, sendee cost estimation comPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015g section presents a summary of the definition of product and service cost estimation, which is used within this research.2.1. Product CostingSince, the twentieth century, research in the field of product cost estimation (PCE) has been undertaken (Clark 1985, Ostwald 1991, Blocher er a/. 2005). Exam RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015ples include cost estimation of standard or customised components, general or specific cost optimisation techniques, and estimation techniques appliedRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
at the different life cycle phases (Niazi Ct al. 2006). In addition, PCE techniques have been categorised using certain specifications by numerous rePaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015 later, Ben-Arieh and Qian (2003) extended the scope of PCE techniques into intuitive, analogical, parametric, and analytical based. Similarly, Shehab and Abdalla (2001) categorises PCE methods into intuitive, parametric, variant-based, and generative without defining them clearly. They later develo RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015p the PCE methods used at the design stage into knowledge-, feature-, function-, and operations-based approaches. In contrast, a different way to clasRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
sify PCE techniques is to separate them into traditional detailed breakdown, simplified-breakdown, group-technology-based, regression-based, and activPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques to RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015timation techniques was not fully developed until 2006 (Niazi et ill. 2006). Niazi and his colleagues categorised the PCE techniques into qualitative and quantitative. The fundamental idea of qualitative cost estimation techniques is to identify whether a new product has any similarities with previo RUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015us products. The identified similarities can then be implemented to help to build the new product, which greatly reduces the time and effort comparedRUHIU, RUTH WANJIRU- PhD Entrpreneurship-2015
with estimating the cost from scratch. The key requirements of implementing these types of techniques successfully are historical design and manufactuPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques toPaper published. To cite this article: Xiao Xi Huang, Linda B. Newnes & Glenn c. Parry (2012): The adaptation of product cost estimation techniques toGọi ngay
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