Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
POLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46N STRATEGY (PGPRS)S. R.AKINOLA (Ph.D)Policy Analyst, Governance Expert, Development Planner & Environmentalist Founding Director, African Leadership Development Centre (ALDC),Covenant University, 10 Idiroko Road, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria e-mail:srakinola@yahoo.com; srakinola@hotmail.com Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46 Mobile: 234-803-407-5110ABSTRACTThis paper traces the protracted crisis and poor service delivery in the Niger Delta to politics of exclusions and reStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
pressive institutional order that disconnect the people from their leaders and neglect welfare of citizens. Using polipreneurship, defined as ‘politicPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ctions and later abandon them to the world of unemployment and poverty. The orchestrated politics of exclusion in the region breeds resentment, aggression, stiff resistance, violent reactions, militancy and hostage taking. An important missing element in the conduct of public affairs in the region b Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46y the governments, oil companies, and other agencies is the involvement of self-governing and people-oriented community institutions that could checkStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
the excesses of elected officials. Consequently, the misuse of public resources, corruption, and low accountability of government officials in the regPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46 an opportunity for community self-governing institutions to produce social sen ices that governments and their agencies have abandoned.Using the Institutional Analysis and Development (1AD) framework, this paper engages in problem solving and solution seeking strategies through case studies, princi Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ples and practices needed to make polycentric governance and poverty reduction strategy resolve socio-economic and techno-political crises in the regiStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
on. A polycentric approach to public service delivery emphasizes people-centred and community-oriented strategies in ways that prioritise inclusivenesPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ernance and poverty reduction strategy to designs a Niger Delta Polycentric Public Service Delivery Model (NDPPSDM) that derives inspirations from seven models. The model adopts inward-looking institutional mechanisms for connecting the public authority with people-oriented institutions in a polycen Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46tric manner at evolving public sector reforms that will not only be inclusive, people oriented, democratic and developmental but also offer opportunitStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
y for progressive, comprehensive and fundamental change in order to ensure redemptive development in the Niger Delta.1INTRODUCTION“You never change thPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46he present governance crises and development dilemma in the Niger Delta are predicated upon repressive institutional order that disconnects the people from their leaders. The post-independent Nigeria-State as constituted is not designed and equipped to provide efficient public sendee to the people. Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46Policies adopted since political independence have reinforced the state institutional character and its inability to enhance the living standards of mStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
ajority of the population. The Nigerian governments depend on ideas from developed countries, which are in most cases at variance with Nigeria’s ecoloPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ustrial, and security spheres. As a result, the “disconnect” from the roots is manifested in several sectors of Nigerian landscape (administrative, educational, political, economic, social, judicial, security, etc.) (for details, see Akinola 2005d:238-239).Demographic features of Niger Delta confirm Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ed that the so-called democracy of over a decade in the region is tyrannical. For instance, the Niger Della contributes over 40% to the Nigeria’s GDP,Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
about 90% of total annual earnings and about 80% of the national gross income (FGN 2008:212). Nigeria got an estimated amount of N29.8 Trillion betwePOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46r than nations with the same oil resources such as Norway (0.963), Kuwait (0.844), Libya (0.799) and Venezuela (0.772) (HDI 20091).In spite of the considerable economic growth Nigeria experienced in the postindependent years (Lipton 1977:428), centralized governance adopted by the country has made t Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46he majority of the people to be poor vis-à-vis income, education, health, employment, nutrition and access to basic facilities (Olatunbosun 1975; EtimStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
and Etim 1976; Olowu and Akinola 1995:27-28). Specifically, the Niger Delta that produces the lion-share of revenues and good things of life for NigePOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46rvices.Public sector machinery inherited at independence in Nigeria was very fragile and stunted, designed to ensure succession favourable to the colonial regimes. Even after independence, public administration is monocratic, monocentric, non-people-oriented and politicized to guarantee a monopoly o Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46f the political market-place, while Nigerian leaders see no1 http;"wwmatipnmaster.cQm/grapb/eCT hum dev ind-KQnomy-humaibdevelQpinent-index (AccessedStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
25/06/2009).2reason to develop strong, independent and people-centered public administration. Ake (1996) further argues that because of (he divorce naPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46 reforms are elite-oriented, while citizens are sidelined.Nearly all the public reforms2 in Nigeria, especially the Bretton Woods institutions’ initiatives designed to solve Nigerian problems within the last two decades have further reinforced the seclusion of public officials and the disengagement Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46of the people of Nigeria from public authority. This is because Bretton Woods Institutions’ conception of development for Nigeria is deviant of NigeriStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
an reality. Nigerian politicians, bureaucrats and technocrats are alienated from the rest of Nigerian society. Meaning that those that run Nigerian goPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46lopment arena. Predictably, instead of development and enhancement of citizen’s welfare; poverty, hunger, conflicts and sickness are heightened, especially in the Niger Delta.If it is true that the existence of public sector is at the heart of development and several public reforms have been embarke Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46d upon in Nigeria, why is it that the Niger Delta still lags behind other oil regions in the area of development in spite of the existence of large scStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
ale bureaucratic structures? Is it not the time to begin re-thinking public sector reforms and how to conceptualize re-inventing the sector for democrPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46are economically buoyant to purchase public assets, will the masses of the Niger Delta not become a private ‘estate’ of the ruling minority?The orchestrated politics of exclusion in the region breeds resentment, aggression, restiveness, stiff resistance, violent reactions, militancy and hostage taki Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ng, which are all described as struggle against exploitation and repression by the Nigerian-State. The paper found that the lack of concrete plan andStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
preparedness on the part of government for post-amnesty programme gives room for resumption of violence by militants. This makes the Niger Delta one oPOLIPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNITY EXCLUSIONS IN THE NIGER DELTA: RE-INVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46ternationalized disputes means that violence is a problem for both the rich and the poor" (Ailemen 2011). It has also been discovered2Many of such reforms have been carried out in the Nigerian Civil Service. Between 1934 and 1995, not less than twenty two reforms have been carried out (Sani 1992). T Standing-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46hey include the Gorsuch Commission (1954), the Mbanefo Commission (1959), the Elwood Grading Team (1974). the Dotun Philips Study Group (1984) and theStanding-Orders-March-2019-Proposed-Amendment-46
Allison Ayida Review Panel (1995).3No fewer than 1.5 billion people worldwide are now under threats from repeated cycles of political and criminallyGọi ngay
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