Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
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Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
Barnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportant ProgramPerformance Period July 2015 - December 2017Final Report. April 1. 2018Project leadStockton UniversityMarine Field Station30 Wilson AvenuePort Republic. NJ 08240609-652-4486Steve Evert (PI), Pete Straub (co-PI) and Christine Thompson (CO-PI)Contributing staff and research assistants: D. A Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportmbrose, J. Baez, N. Robinson and E. ZimmermannProject partnersParsons Mariculture. Dale Parsons (co-PI)American Littoral Society, Alek Modjeski, HelenStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
Hendersen, and Julie SchumacherINTRODUCTIONReef-building oysters, such as the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, are important components of estuBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportosystem sen ices include water quality improvement ami habitat creation for invertebrates and many managed species of fish (Coen et al. 2007. Grabowski and Peterson 2007). Economic benefits include direct and indirect support of commercial and recreational fishing (finfish and shellfish) and benefit Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reports to coastal tourism (Grabowski and Peterson 2007). Many areas on the eastern U.S. have seen marked declines in natural oyster populations due to chanStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
ges in estuarine hydrodynamics, pollution, disease, and overfishing. In the most extreme cases, as for much of the Eastern U.S., oysters have become fBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportnorth to south along the coast of New Jersey, separated from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands with two inlets. Oyster beds of Barnegat Bay historically extended from the southern portions of the watershed north in the system to the Forked River (Ford 1997). It is believed that today almost the Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportentire historic oyster habitat has been degraded due to overharvesting, changes in estuarine hydrodynamics, siltation and disease, hl 1999, Barnegat BStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
ay was officially classified as highly eutrophic by NOAA's National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment model. It was determined that eutrophic conditBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportsh habitats were substantial (Bricker et. al. 1999). The need to restore these estuarine habitats, as well as to identify restoration teclmiques that can be applied bay-wide are important to the region's ecological, economic and societal needs.Oyster restoration projects can return some of these ser Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportvices with varying amounts of start-up investment. Projects can range from large efforts to restore hundreds of acres to pilot-level efforts on the scStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
ale of an acre or less. Large projects require evidence for potential success to justify steep monetary investments, while pilot projects are best utiBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report and represents a proof of concept for oyster restoration in Barnegat Bay. Successfill restoration in areas where natural recruitment potential is unknown relies on the remote set method (aquaculture) and'or seed transplant from a brood stock source. The goal of an oyster restoration project is to c Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportreate a reef that can become self-recruiting as demonstrated by the settlement of natural oyster spat, hl some cases, annual investments through remotStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
e set and or wild seed transplant can also have benefits for improved water quality, habitat creation and potential public harvest programs (BrumbaughBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportvestment. However, to provide sen ices such as water filtration and denitrification and to achieve restoration goals for oyster biomass, there must be an adult population able to survive typical life spans of 3-5 years for any given cohort.In the northern part of Barnegat Bay, small scale restoratio Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportn efforts have been made on the Good Luck Point (GLP) reef prior to this project (Figure 1). Those efforts suffered significant post-Sandy deterioratiStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
on and had not yet explored the use of local brood stock (Thompson et. al. 2014). In 2014 the Society conducted a small scale 1)1 atilt spat on shell Barnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportFigure 1. Overall study area showing the northern and southern sites and the Mullica River.of I bare) whelk shell were placed over a ¥2 acre ar ea of rhe reef to increase rugosity of the bed. 1 his project provided a continuation of those efforts, with an added experimental design aimed at quantifyi Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportng the success metrics and cost benefits between using remotely-set disease-resistant eyed larvae spat on whelk shell (SOWS) and wild-set Mullica RiveStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
r transplanted seed oysters (MRT). As part of this project the GLP site was planted (2016) with 75 bushels of sows and 75 bushels of MR! oysters. The Barnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportlack on-the-ground restoration activities, yet oyster mariculture on commercially leased beds IS on the rise (NJDEP. Normant leasing records). Multiple oyster farm operations have grow-out leases located in LEH bay. Observational data of wild-set intertidal oysters shows natural recruitment potentia Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportl for this area (Parsons and Evert, personal observation). Spatfall data collected during the study period further demonstrated this potential. The maStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
jority of this project's budget provided the first LEH bay-located oyster reef, the “Tuckerton Reef' (Figure 1). The Tuckerton Reef (TKRt was permitteBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportset disease-resistant eyed larvae spat on whelk shell (SOWS) and wild-set Mullica River transplanted seed oysters (MRT). As part of this project the Tuckerton Reef was planted (2016) with 150 bushels of SOWS and 150 bushels of MRT oysters. The planting and monitoring efforts represented 75% of the p Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportroject’s budget.Establishing which method works best for survivorship and ecosystem services IS an important step for justifying larger scale restoratStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
ion in the Barnegat Bay system. Prior to this project oyster restoration in Barnegat Bay was limited in scale, location and assessment. Fisheries and Barnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportc restoration data. The continuation of existing pilot projects, coupled with new site development in the southern Barnegat Bay region, has helped provide this data. This report includes those biological and economic considerations for scale-up options..METHODSSite selection (north)The Good Luck Poi Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportnt Site IS a pre-existing one acre state-permitted site for oyster restoration. The American Littoral Society has been monitoring and seeding small amStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
ounts of sows in this area of oyster habitat since 2013. A separate unplanted */: acre of this reef was marked for this project.Site selection (south)Barnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reporteas for potential leasing with the State Bureau of Shellfisheries and the Atlantic Coast Section of the Shellfisheries Council. The research site had to be in approved growing waters and could not conflict with existing leases. SAV or other users in the area. Four sites were considered; West Creek ( Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report4), Long Point (3). mid-Bay (2). and Mordecai Island (1) (Figure 2). The Mordecai Island Site was dismissed without further investigation due to the nStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
earby dredging activities and the known issue of a migrating channel toward the potential lease area. West Creek and Long Point were dismissed after bBarnegat Bay oyster reefs; biological and cost benefit analyses for scale up effortsFunded by the 2015 Barnegat Bay Partnership Shellfish Research Gra Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reporty area.The mid-Bay area was assessed for sediment type, current flow, water depth at MLLW, proximity to loading points, room to expand, gear industry conflicts and visibility' to law enforcement. A very small salinity gradient exists in the LEH bay south of the Route 72 bridge, leaving tidal flow, b Stockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-reportottom firmness and water depth as the most important considerations for site selection. Bottom firmness was important to be sure that bed settlement dStockton-oyster-reef-2018-final-report
id not negate shell and live oyster placement, however it was equally important to recognize that sand-dominated bayfloor areas are very dynamic and cGọi ngay
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