THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE Bhat*The University of Texas at Austin Department of Civil. Architectural and Environmental Engineering 1 University Station. C1761, Austin, TX 78712-0278 Phone: 512-471-4535, Fax: 512-475-8744Email: bhatitfWil.uiexas.eduSudeshna Sen NuStats 206 Wild Basin Road Building A, Suite 300 Austin, Texas 7 THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE8746Phone: 512-306-9065, Fax: 512-306-9065Email: sseniiTnustats.comandNaveen EluruThe University of Texas at AustinDepartment of Civil, ArchitecturalTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
and Environmental Engineering 1 University Station. C1761, Austin, TX 78712-0278 Phone: 512-471-4535. Fax: 512-475-8744Email: naveeneliini@mail.utexasTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEe value (MDCEV) component to analyze the choice of vehicle type.'vintage and usage in the upper level and a multinomial logit (MNL) component to analyze the choice of vehicle make.’model in the lower nest. Data for the analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model r THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEesults indicate the important effects of household demographics, household location characteristics, built environment attributes, household head charTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
acteristics, and vehicle attributes on household vehicle holdings and use. The model developed in the paper is applied to predict the impact of land uTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEtransportation policies to influence household vehicle holdings and usage in a way that reduces the negative impacts of automobile dependency such as traffic congestion, fuel consumption and air pollution.Keywords: MDCEV model, gasoline prices, built environment, household vehicle holdings and use, THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEvehicle make/model choice.1. INTRODUCTIONThe dependence of U.S. households on lhe automobile to pursue daily activity-travel |>atlerns has been the suTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
bject OÍ increasing research study in recent years because OÍ the lar-reaching impacts of this dependence at multiple societal levels. At the householTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEutes to social stratification and inequity among segments of the population (Litman, 2002; Engwicht, 1993; Untermann and Mouden. 1989: Cai Ison er al., 1995: Litman. 2005); at a regional level, automobile dependency significantly impacts traffic congestion, environment, health, economic development, THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE infrastructure, land-use and energy consumption (see Schrank and Lomax, 2005; FPA, 1999; I.itman and Laube, 2002; Jell et al., 1997; Schipper, 2004).THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
One of the most widely used indicators of household automobile dependency is the extent of household vehicle holdings and use (j.e., mileage traveled)THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEhe early 1970s: see Pucher and Renne, 2003). Household vehicle miles of travel also increased 300% between 1977 and 2001 (relative to a population increase of 30% during the same period; see Polzin and Chu, 2004). In addition, there is an increasing diversity in the body type of vehicles held by hou THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEseholds. The NHTS data shows that about 57% of the personal-use vehicles are cars or station wagons, while 21% are vans or Sports Utility Vehicles (SUTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
V) and 19% are pickup trucks, rhe increasing holdings and usage of motorized personal vehicles, combined with the shift from small cars to larger vehiTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE on regional quality of life, vehicle holdings and use also plays an important role in travel demand forecasting and transportation policy analysis, from a travel demand foretasting perspective. household vehicle holdings has been found to impac t almost all aspec ts ol daily activity-travel pattern THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEs, including the number of oul-of-home activity episodes that individuals participate in, the location of out-of-home participations, and the travel mTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
ode and lime-of-day of oul-of-home activity participations (see, for example, Bhat and Lockwood. 2004; Pucher and Rennc, 2003; Bhat and Castclar, 2002THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEo, 2007). Thus, it is of1interest 10 forecast the impacts of demographic changes in the population (such as aging and rising immigrant population) and vehicle acquisitioivmaintenance costs (for example, rising fuel prices), among other things, on vehicle holdings and use. Front a transportation poli THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEcy standpoint, a good understanding of the determinants of vehicle holdings and usage (such as the impact of the built environment and acquisition/maiTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
ntenance costs) can inform the design of proactive land-use, economic, and transportation policies to influence household vehicle holdings and usage iTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEs of households as well as the vehicle miles of travel by vehicle type, to support critical transportation infrastructure and air quality planning decisions. Not surprisingly, therefore, there is a substantial literature in this area, as we discuss next.2. OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND THE CURRENT THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USESTUDYWe present an overview of the literature by examining three broad issues related to vehicle holdings and use modeling: (1) The dimensions used toTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
characterize household vehicle holdings and use, (2) The determinants of vehicle holdings and usage decisions considered in the analysis, and (3) TheTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEholdings and usage, including the number of vehicles owned by the household, type of each vehicle owned, number of miles traveled using each vehicle, age of each vehicle, fuel type of each vehicle, and make/model of each vehicle. The most commonly used dimensions of analysis in the existing literatu THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEre include (1) The number of vehicles owned by the household with or without vehicle use decisions (see Bums and Golob.1976, Lerman and Ben-Akiva, 197THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
6, Golob and Burns, 1978, Train, 1980, Kain and Fauth, 1977, Bhat and Puhigurta, 1998, Dargay and Vythoulkas, 1999, and Hanly and Dargay, 2000), and (THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEpe, pick up truck, sports utility vehicle, van, etc; see Lave and Train, 1979, Kitamura el al., 2000, and Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004), make.'model (Mannering and Mahmassani, 1985), fuel type (Brownstone2and Train, 1999, Brownstone et ứ/., 2000, Hensher and Greene, 2001), body type and vintage (Mohamm THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEadian and Miller, 2003a), and make/model and vehicle acquisition type (Mannering el at., 2002). Some studies have extended the analysis from the choicTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
e of the most recently purchased vehicle to choice of all the vehicles owned by the household and/or the usage of these vehicles.1 A few other studiesTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEt, or replace/dispose a vehicle from the current fleet; see Mohammadian and Miller, 2003b).The discussion above indicates that, while there have been several studies focusing on different dimensions of vehicle holdings and use, each individual study has either confined its alternatives to a single v THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEehicle in a household or examined household vehicle holdings along a relatively narrow set of dimensions. This can be attributed to the computationalTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
difficulties in model estimation associated with focusing on the entire fleet of vehicles and/or using several dimensions to characterize vehicle typeTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGSAND USEChandra R. THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEding household and individual demographic characteristics, vehicle attributes, fuel costs, travel costs, and the built environment characteristics (land-use and urban form attributes) of the residential neighborhood. Most earlier studies have focused on only a few of these potential determinants. Fo THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USEr instance, some studies exclusively examine the impact of household and individual demographic characteristics such as household income, household siTHE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS, BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES, VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND GASOLINE PRICES ON HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE HOLDINGS AND USE
ze, number of children in the household, and employment of individuals in the household (see, for example, Bhat and Pulugurta. 1998). Some other studiGọi ngay
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