Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
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Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MScInEstuarine and Coastal Science and ManagementByJennifer Claire WilsonBSc (Hons) Marine and Freshwater Biology. University of Hull39326AbstractDue to both increased environmental concern and an increased reliance on energy imp Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsorts, there has been a significant increase 111 investment in. and the use of. wind energy, including offshore wind farms, with twenty-nine developmenTheir_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
ts built or proposed developments off the United Kingdom s coastline alone. Despite the benefits of cleaner energy generation, since the earliest planTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsmmals. Many OẾ' these impacts have now been shown to have fewer detrimental effects that originally expected, and therefore the aim of this report is to try and determine whether another environmental concern - that of a loss of seabed due to turbine installation - is as significant as originally pr Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_ReefsedictedUsing details of the most commonly used turbine foundation, the monopile, and the methods of scour protection used around their bases - gravel,Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
boulders and synthetic fronds - calculations for net changes 111 the areas and types of habitat were produced. It was found that gravel and boulder pTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsoss of surface area of 12.5m2. it would be expected that the ecological usefulness and carrying capacity of rhe aiea would increase, therefore it would still be environmentally beneficial. Each of these methods would generate specific communities, and by increasing habitat heterogeneity within the a Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsrea of the wind farm, could potentially improve biodiversity and abundances.The study has shown that tlirough carefill planning and design at the earlTheir_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
iest stages of development. It would be possible to further increase the role of offshore wind farm foundations as artificial reefs, with factors to cTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsincluding a range of hydrodynamic niches.•Maximising SIU face area to allow greater levels of colonisation by benthic organisms, vital to begin the development of a food web.•Incorporating specifically designed materials, such as reef balls, which have already been proven to aid colonisation, biodiv Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsersity and abundance.•Matching dominant scorn protection methods to existing local ecosystems and communities to provide support.•>AcknowledgementsForTheir_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
their help and advice:•Professor Mike Elliott. Nick Cutts and Sue Travers of the Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies•Dr. Thomas Wilding of theTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_ReefsNpower Renewables.•Kathy Wood and Glen Eveitsen of AMEC Wind Energy.•Paul Hatchett. Repower.•Dawson Smith, Coms Bi-Steel.•Chris Williams. Andrew Wilson. Katie Hunt and Edward Button for their help with the calculations and for reading through the final diaft•My parents and grandparents for then supp Their_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefsort and help 111 completing the degree.3Table of contentsAbstract........................................................................2AcknowledgemTheir_Impacts_and_Potential_Habitat_Gains_as_Artificial_Reefs
ents................................................................3Table of contents...............................................................4THE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertation THE UNIVERSITY OF HULLOffshore wind farms: their impacts, and potential habitat gains as artificial reefs, in particular for fishbeing a dissertationGọi ngay
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