WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
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WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018ersity of Oklahoma, Center for Risk and Crisis Management Hank Jenkins-Smith. University of Oklahoma. National Institute for Risk & Resilience Carol L. Silva, University of Oklahoma. Center for Risk and Crisis Management Jeffrey Czajkowski, Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center Howar WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018d Kunreuther. Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center Kevin M. Simmons. Austin College and National Institute for Risk & ResilienceAprilWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
4. 2017 Working Paper # 2017-04Risk Management and Decision Processes Center The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania 3730 Walnut Street, Jon H59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018NT AND DECISION PROCESSES CENTEREstablished in 1985, the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center develops and promotes effective corporate and public policies for low-probability events with potentially catastrophic consequences through the integration of risk assessment, and risk perc WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018eption with risk management strategies. Natural disasters, technological hazards, and national and international security issues (e.g., terrorism riskWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
insurance markets, protection of critical infrastructure, global security) are among the extreme events that are the focus of the Center's research.T59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018ate sectors. Building on the disciplines of economics, decision sciences, finance, insurance, marketing and psychology, the Center supports and undertakes field and experimental studies of risk and uncertainty to better understand how individuals and organizations make choices under conditions of ri WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018sk and uncertainty. Risk Center research also investigates the effectiveness of strategies such as risk communication, information sharing, incentiveWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
systems, insurance, regulation and public-private collaborations at a national and international scale. From these findings, the Wharton Risk Center's59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018ter decisions regarding risk under various regulatory and market conditions.The Center is also concerned with training leading decision makers. It actively engages multiple viewpoints, including top-level representatives from industry, government, international organizations, interest groups and aca WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018demics through its research and policy publications, and through sponsored seminars, roundtables and forums.More information is available at https://rWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
iskcenter.wharton.upenn.edu/Title: Tornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes inOklahoma1Abstract: Tornadoes impose enor59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018e US has adopted these codes. Why is this the case? This analysis addresses this question by examining homeowner support for more stringent building codes in Oklahoma, a conservative state that routinely experiences damaging tornadoes. Survey data show that support for mandatory mitigation policies WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018like building codes is subject to coiurtervailing forces. Push dynamics, including objective risk data, homeowners* risk perceptions, and damage experWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
ience, encourage support for mitigation. Pull dynamics, such as individualistic and conservative worldviews, and skepticism about climate change, gene59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018ng enough to overcome the status quo bias in a state that is cautious about regulatory measures. The concluding section offers suggestions for changing these dynamics.Keywords: Risk Mitigation: Tornadoes: Building Codes: Culture: Risk Perception1. IntroductionNatural disasters impose a vast at ray o WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018f costs on society. Some of these losses are avoidable, but individuals are subject to multiple biases that may lead them to oppose cost-effective mitWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
igation measures (Meyer and Kunreuther 2017). For instance, people tend to lie myopic, focusing on overly short future time horizons when evaluating t59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018inertia so they want to maintain the status quo The problem can be made especially difficult when citizens are suspicious of. and object to. government-sponsored mitigation measures that impose mandatory upfront costs on households and businesses. In this study, we address two interrelated questions WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018. Fust, can public support for mandatory mitigation measures be garnered when large losses from disasters are a regular occurrence and broadly experieWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
nced by a population? Second, can support be obtained even among a population that is distrustful of government and regulations?This study addresses t59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018o reduce tornado losses by 30° 0 or more (Simmons et al. 2015). We focus on the US state of Oklahoma, which experiences more than 65 tornadoes per year that impose significant costs on homeowners (Storm Prediction Center 2017). At the same time, however, conservative and Republican politicians (who WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018tend to distrust government and regulation) dominate the legislature and state3wide elected offices by large margins (Stanley and Niemi 2015).1 This cWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
lash of risk and ideology, makes Oklahoma a ideal case for studying the dynamics that push and pull public support for mandatory mitigation policies. 59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018actors, such as conservative political ideology, may pull them away from this support. When choosing between regulation (mandatory building codes) and risk reduction, what do Oklahomans decide, and why?2. Tornadoes and Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaThe contiguous United States experienced 9.928 WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018 tornadoes between 2007 and 2014 that produced more than $24 billion in estimated property loss (Storm Prediction Center 2017). A direct hit from theWP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018
most intense (EF5) tornadoes will sweep even a well-built home from Its foundation However. 96% of tornadoes are rated at the lower end of the Enhance59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018 not destroy them[Table I]1 As of November 2016. Republican officials held 40 of 48 seats in the Oklahoma Senate. 71 of 101 seats 111 the Oklahoma House of Representatives, the Governorship, both seats 111 the U.S. Senate, and all 5 seats in the U.S House of Representatives. In the 2016 Presidential WP201704_Tornado-Damage-Mitigation-Homeowner-Support-for-Enhanced-Building-Codes-in-Oklahoma_rev2018 Election, the Republican Candidate (Trump) received 65.3% of the popular vote: the Democratic Candidate (Clinton) received 28.9% of the vote.459 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. Unive59 Whartonxjz University of PennsylvaniaTornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in OklahomaJoseph T. Ripberger. UniveGọi ngay
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