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Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

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Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2£-ch3\ 0Diclofenac0.990.99■CH-COOAzapropazoneIbuprofenÍ1/2 -2hÍ1/2 =9-12hH3c—0'Piroxicamti/2~50h0.99Naproxen0.9911/2-14hPlasma protein bindingA. Nonst

eroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)B. NSAIDs: group-specific adverse effects202 Antipyretic AnalgesicsThermoregulation and AntipyreticsBody core t Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

emperature in the human is about 37 °C and fluctuates within ± 1 °C during the 24 h cycle. In the resting state, the metabolic activity of vital organ

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

s contributes 60% (liver 25%, brain 20%, heart 8%, kidneys 7%) to total heat production. The absolute contribution to heat production from these organ

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2g strenuous exercise. The set point of the body temperature is programmed in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. The actual value is adjusted to

the set point by means of various thermoregulatory mechanisms. Blood vessels supplying the skin penetrate the heat-insulating layer of subcutaneous a Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

dipose tissue and therefore permit controlled heat exchange with the environment as a function of vascular caliber and rate of blood flow. Cutaneous b

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

lood flow can range from - 0 to 30% of cardiac output, depending on requirements. Heat conduction via the blood from interior sites of production to t

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2ation of sweat on the skin surface consumes heat (evaporative heat loss). Shivering is a mechanism to generate heat. Autonomic neural regulation of cu

taneous blood flow and sweat production permit homeostatic control of body temperature (A). The sympathetic system can either reduce heat loss via vas Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

oconstriction or promote it by enhancing swear production.When sweating is inhibited due to poisoning with anticholinergics (e.g., atropine), cutaneou

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

s blood flow increases. If insufficient heat is dissipated through this route, overheating occurslatory system, because rhe excessive secretion of thy

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2ipated—the patients have a hot skin and are sweating.The hypothalamic temperature controller (Bl) can be inactivated by neuroleptics (p. 236), without

impairment of other centers. Thus, it is possible to lower a patient’s body temperature without activating counter-regulatory mechanisms (thermogenic Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

shivering). This can be exploited in the treatment of severe febrile states (hyperpyrexia) or in open-chest surgery with cardiac by-pass, during whic

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

h blood temperature is lowered to 10 °C by means of a heart-lung machine.In higher doses, ethanol and barbiturates also depress the thermoregulatory c

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2ss).Pyrogens (e.g., bacterial matter) el-evate-probably through mediation by prostaglandins (p. 196) and inteiieukin-1-the set point of the hypothalam

ic temperature controller (B2). The body responds by restricting heat loss (cutaneous vasoconstriction — chills) and by elevating heat production (shi Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

vering), in order to adjust to the new set point (fever). Antipyretics such as acetaminophen and ASA (p. 198) return the set point to its normal level

Colour Atlas Of Pharmacology 2nd Edition 2

(B2) and thus bring about a defervescence.

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

Antipyretic Analgesics 201High dose fl/2=13-30hLow dose fl/2-3h ◄50% Salicylic acid -J .COQ-cooh/2 =1-2h90% ỉĩely!d h/2 =15min salicylic\ acid95% Lo-£

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