Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
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Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2vities you will understand the importance of:•the culture being both a hindrance and a support for the refugee•cultural humility and being culturally sensitive•being psychologically resilient in order to allow rhe client to express their distress.We have found that if we are able to establish a trus Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ting relationship, our refugee clients feel safe enough to connect with and share their concerns with us that we bear witness to.Five psychosocial dimEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
ensionsWhen bearing witness to a refugee, we consider five psychosocial levels of context within which they arc situated due to the impact that they w■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2d organisations within it), interpersonal (relationship between the refugee and practitioner), intra-psychic in terms of the refugee, and intra-psychic in terms of the practitioner.On an intra-psychic level in a refugee context where persecution and even torture have been used, we suggest that it is Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2 crucial that a practitioner carefully monitors their own intra-psychic experienceBEARING WITNESS ■ 89SO that their non-directive approach is not compEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
romised by relating in a detached, or conversely, intrusive manner (Pope and Garcia-Peltoniemi 1991); for example, by noting experiences of discomfort■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2interest, by asking them to reflect in greater detail on the material than they may want to.On an interpersonal level, it is also important to be sensitive about only being non-directive: as Afuape (201 1, p. 103) explains, 'This may be experienced as disinterest’, as many refugees have ‘lost a sign Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ificant proportion of their intimate relationships’. It may therefore be helpful to make the relationship more personal in a professional way. While rEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
elating as an equal it is important to oiTer one’s professional expertise if a refugee requires it (Madsen 1999). For example, if a refugee is feeling■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2 refugee is at risk; and a responsibility to the refugee, to help them facilitate their own preferred meanings, when they are safe enough. This is how we suggest a practitioner would best serve their refugee client: by relating as an expert on one side of a spectrum that has the position of an entir Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ely collaborative equal on the other (Madsen 2007).On the cultural level of the host country’s laws and policy, a practitioner docs need to be an expeEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
rt in the entitlements that rhe refugee person may otherwise be unaware of, and offer or refer them to organisations who can ensure that their basic n■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ation of care beneath them. Once these are in place we are then able to bear witness to their intra-psychic meaning in a non-directive manner.As bearing witness requires travelling with a refugee to wherever they wish to go, we suggest that to do this, it is essential that the practitioner has a goo Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2d understanding of the different themes that refugees present with as highlighted in Part 1 of this book: loss and separation, acculturation, multipleEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
levels of needs, self-identity and refugee mental health.Bearing in mind that while most refugees would have been through and witnessed traumatic eve■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2SYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEEStherefore essential that practitioners also pay attention to the refugees’ strength and resilience as well as their trauma.By bearing witness with an awareness of the totality of all of these factors we have found that it is possible to respond to events that may be beyond Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2our comprehension, such as a refugee’s multiple losses of home and loved ones, in a congruent manner. To do this, we suggest, a practitioner needs toEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
provide the right level of connection between neither being too distant, risking alienating the refugee further, nor over supportive, which could dise■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2the challenges to, as well as the importance of, bearing witness to them. Blackwell (1997), in describing bearing witness to torture survivors, stresses the danger in seeking to ‘help’ a client to feel better (such as by doing things for them) rather than (which he asserts is necessary) allow them t Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2o express often unimaginable and overwhelming accounts of their persecution that is likely to make them feel worse. To facilitate this process, BlackwEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
ell discusses the value of Winnicott’s (1953, 1971) concept of ‘holding’ through emotional understanding, and Bion’s (1959, 1962) ‘containing’ of ofte■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2bilising keel to hold and strong hull to contain, within which the refugee can feel safe when experiencing even the worst emotional weather.As the expression an even keel’ states, the keel represents the stability that the practitioner needs to provide for the refugee to stand on in order to feel sa Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2fe while holding the oftcn-considerable weight of their concerns. To do this, the practitioner needs to be clear of any emotional distress in their owEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
n psychological structure that could compromise their integrity and destabilise them. This distress may be due to unresolved issues such as personal l■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2he practitioner also needs, not only to withstand but also to empathically connect to their client’s emotional weather. This could include violent storms, from flashbacks to persecution that may have involved torture, as well as periods of inactivity in the doldrums, from an internal state of helple Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ssness caused by events such as imprisonment.BEARING WITNESS ■ 91If the keel is stable and the hull strong enough to keep them both safe, the practitiEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
oner will then be able to invite their client within and give them captaincy to steer this vessel to the places that they need to go to. In so doing, ■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2g weight of these waves of emotion directly, the practitioner is then able to reflect the experience and feelings that were present for them back to their client, modulated in a way that will not destabilise them. If the refugee experiences this as an accurate account of what they were going through Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2 at the time, they may be able to reclaim them as their own. By putting words to their experience, the refugee has an opportunity to re-author and regEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
roup the missing links, which may have become disconnected from their story, and express them in a narrative that enables their meaning to emerge.To f■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ard of normality of‘truth' against which any other story is, therefore, subjugated in comparison. As we have found that so many refugees have subjugated values that they prize beneath a dominant story of persecution, when bearing witness we employ this approach to identify these stories within our c Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2lients’ narrative. Developing a narrative that is true to their own values can result in an experience of empowerment by which refugees regain greaterEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
control over their lives as, we hope, the following examples with Arufat and Priathan illustrate.Arufat first came for therapy two months after he ha■■ CHAPTER 8 ■■BEARING WITNESSIn [be middle of difficulty lies opportunity.Albert EinsteinAfter reading this chapter and completing the learning activ Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2ession the therapist observed that Arufat seemed to be gazing into the distance unable to focus on anything, his body was slumped and he appeared deflated. When it was reflected back to him that his body was hunched over, Arufat looked up before bending his head down again. The therapist allowed him Ebook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2 space to connect with his process and after some minutes of reflection Arufat said, almost inaudibly, ‘There is nothing 1 can do.’ The therapist feltEbook A practical guide to therapeutic work with asylum seekers and refugees: Part 2
that the room was filled with sadness and offered this to Arufat, who nodded slowly, became tearful and sighed heavily, ‘My life is all over, there iGọi ngay
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