Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
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Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ts within hepatocytes. Hepatic stellate cells (answer a) secrete the collagen that replace* notmal liver parenchyma in cirrhosis. Kupffer cells (answer b) are the macrophages of the liver, \imentin (answer c) is the intermediate filament protein found in cells of mesenchymal origin; the liver and he Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2patocytes are epithelial in origin. Desmin (answer e) is the intermediate filament protein associated with muscle. ALT.'SGPT and AST .'SCOT are hepatiEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
c aminotransferases; when their blood levels are elevated, it is indicative of liver damage.201 The answer is c. (Johnson, pp 1123-1124 Mescher, pp 26Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ntracellularly (answer a). The sequestration of the proton pump in intracellular tubulovesicles in the resting state prohibits secretion On activation of the panetal cell through Ca" and diacylglycerol second messengers, the tubulovcstcle membranes fuse with the plasma membrane by exocytosis. Histam Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ine (answer e). along with gastrin and acetylcholine, activate the parietal cell Na;', K--ATPase located in tire basal membrane, and the chloride chanEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
nel (answer b) of the apical plasma membrane maintain the appropriate ionic gradients to facilitate acid secretion. Carbonic anhydrase, a cytoplasmic Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2, such as the osteoclast, that also depend on a proton pump (answer d). After dissipation of the stimulus (ie. gastrin, acetylcholine, or histamine) or exposure to an HZ blocker, the parietal cell returns to the resting state by recycling (endocy tosis) of membrane to reform the tubulovcsicular arra Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ngement within the cytoplasm.202The answer IS a. (Mescher, pp 83, 264-266, 268-269, 275. Kumar, pp 787-789, 828 ) Carcinoid tumors arise from enteroenEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
docrine cells. Enteroendocrine cells release peptides from their basal surface (domain) while goblet cells secrete mucus from the-j apical surface (doGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ocrine cells secrete into the bloodstream (endocrine function) or into the local area to affect nearby cells (paracrine function). The enteroendocrine cells may be identified by their staining response to silver or chromium stains, hence the older terms argentaffin and enterochromaffin, respectively Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2 Examination of such preparations indicates that the enteroendocrine cells are rare compared with other mucosal cell types, including the mucous cellsEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
. Enteroendocrine and goblet cells release granules by a regulated exocytotic secretion (answer b). Both cells are formed by stem cells in crypt base Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 28. 275. Ross, pp 521, 530, 534.) The enteroendocrine cells and the enteric (intrinsic) nervous system secrete similar peptides and are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract (answer e). Enteroendocrine cells are derived from the same stem cell as other epithelial cell types and originate embryo Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2nically from the endoderm These cells turn over at a slower rate than other epithelial cell types. In contrast, the cells that compose the enteric nerEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
vous system are neurons, derived from neural crest (answ er a). There is little cell replacement except in the glial populations (answer d). The entenGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2The enteroendocrine cells function in local paracrine regulation of the mucosa (eg. acid secretion in the stomach, mucosal growth, small intestinal secretion, and turnover).204The answer IS b (Kierszcnbaum. pp 430-431. Avery, pp 285-287. Moore, pp 938-941.) Piercing of the tongue can result in compl Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2aints of pain, numbness, and loss of taste when eating The loss of taste is associated with damage to the taste buds, which are shown in the photomicrEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
ograph. Taste buds in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue as described in the vignette in this question are innervated by the VII (facial) cranial nGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2r two-thirds of the tongue. The taste buds from tire posterior one-third of the tongue arc innervated by the IN (glossopharyngeal) cranial nerve (answer e). The X (vagus) cranial nerve (answer d) innervates taste buds on the epiglottis and palate. The XII (hypoglossal) cranial nerve innervates the i Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ntrinsic musculature of the tongue (answer e).205The answer IS c (Sadler, pp 231. 323. Mescher, p 251.) Hirschsprung disease (congenital mcgacolon) anEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
d Chagas disease have different etiologies, but both inhibit intestinal motility by affecting the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus located between the layeGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2will affect defecation, but will be less involved in peristalsis. Vascular smooth muscle, the muscularis mucosa, and enteroendocrine cells do not play a major role in the regulation of peristalsis, which is observed even after removal of the gut and placement in a nutrient solution. Hirschsprung dis Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ease, also known as agangfionic megacolon, results from failure of normal migration of neural crest cells to the colon, resulting in an agangliomc segEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
ment. Although both the my enteric and submucosal plexuses are affected, the primary regulator of intrinsic gut rhythmicity is the my enteric plexus. Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2trad contains four layers: mucosa, submucosa, musculans externa, and serosa The structure labeled A in the photomicrograph IS the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue layer immediately beneath the epithelium. The last part of the mucosa is a double layer of smooth muscle cells (layer Bl compris Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2ing the muscularis mucosa. In the photomicrograph, an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells IS discernible. A thick layerEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
of dense irregular connective tissue, the submucosa (layer D). separates the muscularis mucosa front themuscularis externa. The structure labeled c iGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2lar and outer longitudinal lasers of smoothmuscle cells. Slight variations in these components occur in specific organs of the GI tract. The respiratory, urinary, integumentary, and reproductive systems differ from the gastrointestinal system in their ep ithelia and arrangement of underlying tissues Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2.206The answer is a. (Avery, pp 306-310. Costanzo, p 344.) The woman in the scenario suffers from Sjogren syndrome, which like other autoimmune diseasEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
es (presence of ANA and RE). IS much more common in women than men. The strutted ducts resorb Na' and secrete K- (answer b) from the isotonic saliva cGastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2xes into the salivary secretion. The striated duct is the primary region for electrolyte transport in the salivary gland duct system. The primary secretion produced by the acinar cells is comprised of amylase, mucus, and ions in the same concentrations as those of the extracellular fluid. In the duc Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2t system, Na- is actively absorbed from the lumen of the ducts. Cl- is passively absorbed (although the tight .junctions between striated duct cells iEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
nhibit Cl from following Na- [answer d]). HCO3 is secreted (answer c); Ca' transport IS not a factor (answer e). The result is a hypotonic sodium and Gastrointestinal Tract and GlandsAnswers200. The answer is d. (Ross, p 63 Kumar, pp 858.) Mallory bodies are derived from keratm intermediate filament Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2y regulator of salivary gland function in contradistinction to the pancreas, which IS regulated primarily by hormones (cholecystokinin and secrctm (answers d and cl. Parasympathetic fibers cany neural signals that originate tn the salivatory nuclei of the medulla and pons. The sympathetic nervous sy Ebook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2stem originates from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic chain and stimulates acinar enzymeproduction. Elevated aldosterone levels affecEbook Anatomy, histology and cell biology (4th edition): Part 2
t the amount and ionic concentration of the saliva, resulting in decreased (answer c). Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) and secretin arc the hormones thGọi ngay
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