Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2p. Sclafani, MDGeorge Alexiades MDThe child horn with a malformed ear faces a lifelong hearing and communication impairment along with the social stigma of a facial deformity. Associated disturbances of he vestibular system may add the developmental hurdle of a motor delay. 1 requeully. there are ad Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2ditional anomalies, such as mandibular hypoplasia. as well as other facial and skeletal deformities. 1 her e may be dys-fimctioa of associated neuralEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
pathways, iacludmg cranial nerves and intracranial structures. Additionally. there arc psychological factors to be considered. including parental guilPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2rtunities The appropriate management involves recognizing the problems and limitations of therapy, which need to he thoroughly understood by tile parents and. when appropriate, the patient.EMBRYOLOGY OF ATRESIA AND MICROTIAIn the 3 tu 4 turn embryo IJ to 4 weeks), the first indications of aural onto Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2genesis .-ue the first and second branchiomeric structures and the otic placode. an ectodermal thickening on the lateral surface of the Lead oppositeEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
the fourth vcnuiclc. The placode mvaginates to first form a pit and then a vesicle detached from its sttrfece origin. This oto-cyst forms the inner caPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2cochlear diverticulum at rite 15 mm stage (6 weeks). Ry the end of the third month, the cochlea IS fully coiled.The cranial nerves entering theotocy-.t exert an inductive influence Io produce neuroepi'.helium.for which retinoic acid is a potent morphogen. Retinoic acid receptors are uniquely express Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2ed ill the developing organ of Corl;: medications that affect retinoic acid metabolism such as ivc.re'.i uoiil (Accutane. Roche. Nulley. New Jersey I.Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
cat! lead tu embryopathies. including umer ear malformation.1rhe cochleovestibulax ganglia develop from the otic placode epithelium. The nerve fibersPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2tures of the inner car form, they become enveloped if. a cartilaginous capsule, which eventually gives rise ro the petrous portion of the temporal hone. Concurrently, rhe structures that originate from rhe first pharyngeal pouch develop separately hut adjacent to the otic capsule derivatives- The po Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2uch begins to form in the .5 to 4 mm embryo and expands intoa tubotympanic recess, which will eventually give rise to the eustachian lube, middle earEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
space, and mastoid air cell system, 'lire third branchial arch migrates superiorly to die level of tire recess, and its artery (the internal carotid IPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2nto the middle cat space. Li adults, an ectopic carotid artery can be mistaken for a middle ear mass, such as a glomus tumor.As rhe pharyngeal pouches form in rhe J to 4 nim embryo. corresponding grooves develop on the external surface of the nascent cervical region. The first of these branchial cle Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2fts deepen,'. until it approaches rhe tubotympanic recess, being separated only by the thin layer of mesoderm destined to become the middle fibrous laEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
yer of the tympanic membrane. Subsequently. m the30 mm embryo(S weeks), the primordial external canal become:; occluded by an ectodermal plug. By tirePEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2iu lire canalization precess can lead to stenosis, canal tortuosity, or fibrous or osseous obliteiatiotL since middle ear suuctuxes develop indepeadently. the tympanic cavity and Ossicles may be normal.Defects in the canalization precess may also be associated with faulty formation of the pinna, whi Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2ch arises in the s to 11 mm embryo from 3.x mesodermal thickenings These hillocks surround the entrance of rhe first branchial cleft The first branchiEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
al arch cartilage (Meckel cartilage) forms the tragus and superior helical crus; the remainder of the pinna derives from rhe second arch cartilage I RPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2its initial position in lire lower lace toward lire temporal area. Illis movement occurs along lire fusion plane of the first and second branchial arches. lhe auricle is initially located anteriorly in a horizontal axis, with development of the branclual structures it migrates from its original posi Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2tion in the lower face laterally, and as its axis rotates, it assumes a more vertical angulation. Branchia l cleft dysmorpbogcncsis can impede 1ỈÚS miEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
gration and leave the pinna io a low, transverse orientation I Figure I).As the middle ear forma, the separation between rhe first pharyngeal pouch anPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2xpansion of the tympanic cavityCHAPTER 62/MFigiirv J Til’* pauM exhibit* a grade 1 microtia wrfli canal otrtsii the lire of tile auricle md the chiractetiiti: 1M-toaiic IwKhiuske ire láiri> sector! A preiiHg-ji Am lag w ptneotfigure 4 Aurich drawing a grade IE mo^vbx An auicc phõus n<Ị>c a: skin and Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2 nuhhirsiof eutilcgc arc present in place vf 2 rvcogBŨable. well ds-.elcpeJ Seattle.Hgniv 3 Alt ■.-xamp.c of r grade II ir.icrntu Ths cuticle li reducEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
ed in sue and ill-. a char-Mdendw iKCgrurable shape Toe inf.vioefcvtanp.-ncrftiur have IMV" dtvekped alike-.die bsilx lí ‘.veil preserved.Further deliPEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY62Microtia, Canal Atresia, and Middle Ear AnomaliesSimon c. Pansier, MDJose N. Fayad, MDCharles p. Kimmelman, MDAnthony p Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2ges arc processed with Ĩ. bone algorithm image enhancement using 1.5 mm slicesfigure 5 A grade II lu ni 111U3V.U •'■.ill pool ."umiiliun Ilf the superior third of tha auricle and n p-eocricnlar pit pos. «blv because of a lirrt titcxhcil srvli dvsaiivrphirc. The lower portion of the ear, which is der Ebook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2ived from rtw sceood brsichial arch, has a relatively Lccmal uppesaaie. The canal IS sarnwift, k-ndinn to rw subsequent il.~wlopw.-i" of a releaiica dEbook Ballenger’s otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (17/E): Part 2
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