Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
chapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2ng obesity and weight loss, and understanding the rationale of medication that targets eicosanoids.OVERVIEW■Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are related by their insolubility In water.■Membranes contain lipids, particularly phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and cholesterol.■Triacylglycer Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2ols, which provide the body with its major source of energy, are obtained from the diet or synthesized mainly in the liver. They are transported in thEbook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
e blood as lipoproteins and are stored In adipose tissue (Fig. 7.1A).■The major classes of blood lipoproteins include chylomicrons, very low-density lchapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2ed In intestinal cells from dietary lipid, and VLDL is produced in the liver, mainly from dietary carbohydrate.■The triacylglycerols of chylomicrons and VLDL are hydrolyzed in the blood by lipoprotein lipase to fatty acids and glycerol. In adipose cells, the fatty acids are converted to triacylglyc- Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2erols and stored.■IDL consists of the remains of VLDL after digestion of some of the triacylglycerols. IDL can either be endocytosed by liver cells anEbook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
d digested by lysosomal enzymes or converted to LDL by further digestion of triacylglycerols.■LDL undergoes endocytosls and lysosomal digestion, both chapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2 the blood lipoproteins. Cholesterol Is synthesized in most cells of the body. The key regulatory enzyme Is hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase. Cholesterol Is a component of cell membranes. In the liver, cholesterol is converted to bile salts, and It forms steroid hormones In endocrine tissue Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2s.■HDL transfers proteins (including an activator of lipoprotein lipase, apoC.II) to chylomicrons and VLDL. HDL also picks up cholesterol from peripheEbook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
ral tissues and from other blood lipoproteins. This cholesterol ultimately returns to the liver.■During fasting, fatty acids (derived from adipose trichapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2h are oxidized by tissues such as muscle and kidney.■Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes) are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids.230EEĩSn Lipid and Ethanol Metabolism 231AFIGURE 7.1. A. An overview of lipid metabolism in the fed state. FA, fatty acid; HDL, high-density Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2lipoprotein; LPL. lipoprotein lipase; 2-MG, 2-monoacylglycerol; TG, triacylglycerol; circled TG, tnacyfglycerols of VLDL and chylomicrons; VIOL, veryEbook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
low-density lipoprotein. B. An overview of lipid metabolism in the fasting state.232 BRS Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and GeneticsI.LIPID STRUCTURchapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 21Tn humans, fart}-acids usually have an even number of carbon atoms, are 16 to 20 carbon atoms In length, and maybe saturated or unsaturated (contain double bonds). They arc described by the number of carbons and the positions of the double bonds (e.g., arachidonic acid, which has 20 carbons and 4 d Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2ouble bonds, is 20:4, A’*11'11). All naturally occurring fatty acids have double bonds In the cis configuration.2Polyunsaturated fatty acids arc oftenEbook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2
classified according to the position of the first double bond from the w-end (the carbon farthest from die carboxyl group: e.g., co-3 or CO-6).B.MonochapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandin Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2d to glycerol, respectively.c. Phosphoglycerides contain fatty acids esterified to positions 1 and 2 of the glycerol moiety and a phosphoryl group at position 3 (e.g., phosphocholine).Fatty acidsoII R-C-OHGeneral structureGlycerolCH2OHH-C-OH ị CH2OH Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2chapterLipid and Ethanol MetabolismThe major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment, understandinGọi ngay
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