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Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

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Nội dung chi tiết: Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2iography or computed tomography (CT).2Describe the radiographic classification of sarcoidosis.3State the three most common locations (Garland triad) f

or adenopathy to occur in the chest of patients with sarcoidosis.4List four common etiologies of “eggshell” calcified lymph nodes in the chest.5Recogn Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

ize progressive massive fibrosis secondary to silicosis on chest radiography and CT.6Recognize and describe the typical appearance of cystic fibrosis

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

on chest radiography and CT.7Describe the radiologic manifestations of primary pulmonary tuberculosis.8Name the most common segmental sites of involve

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2 Ghon lesion); recognize both on a chest radiograph and CT and describe their significance.10Suggest the possibility of radiation as a cause of new up

per lung opacification on a chest radiograph of a patient with evidence of mastectomy and/or axillary node dissection or known head and neck cancer.11 Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

Describe the acute and chronic phases of radiation-caused changes in the lungs, including the time course and typical chest radiograph and CT appearan

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

ces.12Recognize the typical appearance of irregular lung cysts on chest CT of a patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.13Name the major categories

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2rtant infections and two important neoplasms to consider in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and chest radiographic or CT abnor

malities.15Describe the typical chest radiographic and CT appearances of Kaposi sarcoma.16Describe the chest radiographic and CT appearances of Pneumo Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

cystis jiroveci pneumonia.17Name four important etiologies of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with AIDS.18Describe the time course a

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

nd chest radiographic appearance of a blood transfusion reaction.19Describe the chest radiographic and CT appearances of a miliary pattern and provide

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2and CT.22Name the most common pulmonary infections that occur after solid organ (e.g., liver, renal, lung, cardiac) and bone marrow transplantation.23

Describe the chest radiographic and CT findings of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders.Pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity an Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

d mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients have altered immune mechanisms and are predisposed to opportunistic

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

infections. Numerous factors are associated with an immunocompromised slate, including but not limited to diabetes; renal or liver failure; advanced a

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2heal tubes, chest tubes); splenectomy, hospital environment (predisposing to nosocomial pneumoma); underlying malignancy; drug therapy (e.g., steroids

, chemotherapy); and immune deficiencies (e.g., hypogammaglobulinemia). Some of the clinically important infections and other diseases seen in immunoc Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

ompetent and immunocompromised patients tend to have an upper lung-predominant distribution (e.g., mycobacterial and fungal disease). Recognition of a

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

n upper lung distribution of disease helps the clinician to form an appropriate differential diagnosis. This chapter begins with a discussion of upper

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2 and their radiographic appearances.UPPER LUNG DISEASEUpper lung refers to the upper one-third of the lung, which includes the majority of the upper l

obes and the uppermost portion of the superior segments of the lower lobes. In the normal upright lung, blood flow and ventilation predominate in the Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

lung base; in many lung disorders however, the greatest degree of abnormality occurs in the upper lung. Alterations in ventilation-perfusion, lymphati

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

c flow, metabolism, and mechanics are proposed as pathogenic factors in upper lung localization of lung disease (1). Two mnemonics, “SHRIMP” and “CASS

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2ominantly upper lung distribution of disease on chest radiography, it is useful to consider the differential diagnoses given in Table 10.1, even if th

e disease appears diffuse, any time the upper lungs are as affected as much or more than the middle and lower lungs.SARCOIDOSISSarcoidosis is a common Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by widespread development of noncaseating granulomas. These granulomas are nonspecific and resembl

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

e those in many other granulomatous processes, except for tuberculosis (TB), a disease in which caseous necrosis of granulomas is usually seen. Sarcoi

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 20, but the disease occurs as early as 1 year and as late as 80 years of age (3). The disease is 2 to 3 times more common in African-American women tha

n in African-American men (3). The lung is the most commonly involved organ in patients with sarcoidosis and accounts for most of the morbidity and mo Ebook Chest radiology - The esentials (3/E): Part 2

rtality, with an overall mortality rate between 2.2% and 7.6% (3).Table 10.1 UPPER LUNG DISEASE“SHRIMP”SarcoidosisHistiocytosis, Langerhans cell

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

Upper Lung Disease, Infection, and Immunity1(TLEARNING OBJECTIVES1List an appropriate differential diagnosis for upper lung disease seen on chest radi

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