Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
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Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
VIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2 and (2) based on pathology from a renal biopsy. If is important to recognize that the same disease process can cause different pathological processes in the kidney (for example, systemic lupus erythematosus may cause a variety of renal lesions).Metabolic—e.g., amyloidosis, hyperuricemiaEndocrine—e. Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2g., hypercalcemia, hyper and hypothyroidism, SIADH and diabetes insipidusDrugs/medicines—e.g., chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, radiocontrast dyeEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
Infection—e.g., HIV-related, tuberculosis, pyelonephritisCongenital—polycystic kidney disease, Alport's syndrome, reflux nephropathy Immunologic—e.g.,VIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2e.g., sarcoidosis, ITP, cryoglobulinemiaDegenerative—aging, ?hypertensionOccupational/ environmental — traumaCardiovascular—e g , atherosclerosis, hypertensive nephropathy, cholesterol emboliA multitude of metabolic disorders may cause renal disease. These include amyloidosis, hypercalcemia, and oth Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2er diseases that lead to abnormal increases in metabolic products in the blood stream. Hyperlipidemia leading to atherosclerosis also could be consideEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
red a metabolic disease leading to rena1 insufficiency.Endocrine diseases may be made manifest by renal insufficiency. Again, hypercalcemia, secondaryVIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2mately, renal failure Other endocrine syndromes involving the kidney include SIADH and hypo- and hyperthyroidism. In addition, renal cell carcinoma may have several associated paraneoplastic syndromes.Nephrology ■ 131Drugs are a frequent cause of renal insufficiency, and virtL-..,___cause renal dise Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2ase. A common problem is renal insufficiency induced by antihypertensive agents, especially ACE-inhibitors. Other forms of drug induced!renal d seaseEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
include interstitial nephritis and forms secondary to chemotherapeutic agents, intravenous radiocontrast, or intravenous drug abuse.Many types of infeVIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2ary tract, pyelonephritis is also a common infectious disease involving the kidneys.Congenital diseases can cause renal manifestations. Anomalies of the urinary tract and chronic reflux nephropathy may lead to renal failure. Polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney disease are familial Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2causes of renal failure. Other inherited metabolic diseases such os Fabry's disease and various storage diseases can lead to renal insufficiency. A vaEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
riety of congenital disorders may cause renal stones, including cystinosis and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.Immunologic diseases often affect the kidneys, andVIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2tations. The vasculitides, including Wegener's, Goodpasture's, and polyarteritis nodosa, may lead to renal failure.Neoplastic disease may arise primarily in the kidneys or involve the kidneys secondarily. Renal cell carcinoma can be widely metastatic and often has asso ciated paraneoplastic syndrome Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2s. Metastatic tumors or locally invasive tumors, often gynecologic, may cause compression of the ureters and renal failure. Hyperca'cemia secondary toEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
malignant disease can lead to renal failure, as can multiple myeloma.Numerous exotic diseases affect the kidneys, including sarcoidosis, familial MedVIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2o consider is the effect o,r aging on renal function. The glomerular filtration rate decreases steadily with age, and a low serum creatinine may not reflect actual renal function in an elderly patient.Occupational and environmental exposures may lead to renal dysfunc tion. Extrinsic trauma can cause Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2 kidney damage, hematuria, or frank bleeding. Hydrocarbon exposure may cause Goodpasture's syndrome.Cardiovascular diseases may involve the kidneys seEbook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2
condarily. Chronic hypertension can lead to renal insufficiency and, ultimately, renal failure. Cholesterol emboli may occur with severe atherosclerotVIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic, Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2mptoms and SignsEdemaTHE LEAK OF VEINS or VALVESVenous disease (obstruction, insufficiency)Albuminuria/albumin loss in stoolLymphatic obstruction (congenital, acquired)Volume overloadElectrolyte/nutritional deficiency Ebook Differential diagnosis mnemonics: Part 2VIINephrologyGeneral ConsiderationsThere are two ways of approaching renal disease: (ì I based on etiology, as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic,Gọi ngay
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