Ebook Forensic science: Part 2
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Ebook Forensic science: Part 2
8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2nd Associates, Newport Beach, California, USAForensic psychiatry and forensic psychology are the explication of psychiatric and psychological issues as they pertain to an issue in the legal arena. Mental health experts have been asked by the courts and attorneys to help them understand the implicati Ebook Forensic science: Part 2on of mental health status to individuals involved in the legal process for a very long time. In the United States, the expert may be retained eitherEbook Forensic science: Part 2
by opposing counsel or by the court itself.Forensic psychiatry has been practiced as long as humans have been confounded by erratic human behavior. So8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2established "intent’ as an important factor in criminal law. Regarding the issue of "intent’, Deuteronomy 19:1-13 (1200 BC) in Hebrew scripture describes the logic for establishing ‘refuge cities’, where a person who had accidentally killed someone would be safe from avenging relatives 111. Understa Ebook Forensic science: Part 2nding human behavior and mental illness has long been of interest. Hippocrates described the ‘wandering uterus' to explain female psychosomatic complaEbook Forensic science: Part 2
ints.8.1History of psychiatry in the united statesPsychiatry has been an important part of American medicine since before the American Revolution. Ben8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2al's mission included treating mental illnesses. Dr. Rush wrote the first textbook on psychiatry in the US, Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind, published in 1812 121. Isaac Ray, MD wrote his A Treatise on the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity in 1838 |3|.Forensic Scienc Ebook Forensic science: Part 2e: Current Issues, Future Directions, First Edition. Edited by Douglas H. Ubelaker. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & SonsEbook Forensic science: Part 2
. Ltd.212CH08 FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGYThe American Psychiatric Association (APA) was founded in 1844 (originally the Association of8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2e American Journal of Insanity). Both the APA and AJP were established well before the American Medical Association and its scientific journal. Indeed, it was the creation of the first juvenile justice system in the USA, in Illinois in 1899, that necessitated the creation of the first child and adol Ebook Forensic science: Part 2escent psychiatric clinic in Cook County, Illinois in 1909, with the expressed intent to aid the new juvenile court.Moving closer to the modem scientiEbook Forensic science: Part 2
fic era of psychiatry, regarding training and certifying competence, in 1925, Karl Menninger, MD, a psychiatrist, submitted the first report on legal 8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2egan certifying physicians as competent in their specialties. Two years later, in 1935. the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) was founded to certify competence in psychiatrists and neurologists. 1948 was the year that the present American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) was found Ebook Forensic science: Part 2ed, w hich has a Section on Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.In 1969, The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law' (AAPL) was founded to provideEbook Forensic science: Part 2
education on forensic psychiatry to improve standardized assessments and testimony. This led to the recognition of forensic psychiatry as a formal sub8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2ion Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) created standards for formal residency training in forensic psychiatry.In 2003 and afterwards, certification by the ABPN in forensic psychiatry could only be attained by first completing an ACGME approved forensic psychiatry residency, then passing t Ebook Forensic science: Part 2he ABPN certifying examination. Certification for forensic psychiatry is for a ten-year period, and then recertification for another ten-year period iEbook Forensic science: Part 2
s granted after passing a recertification examination for continued competence in forensic psychiatry. This ensures that the psychiatrist practicing f8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2 specialty with implications for legal processes. The first successful psycho-pharmacologic treatment of any psychiatric disorder was in 1937. when Dr. Bradley used benzedrine in treating a child with what is now called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |4|.The first successful treatment for Ebook Forensic science: Part 2severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, mania, psychotic depression) was electroconvulsive therapy, first performed by Drs. Bini and Cerletti in ItalyEbook Forensic science: Part 2
in 1938 |5|. Lothar Kalinowski, MD, a German psychiatrist educated in Germany and Austria, was present at this procedure, and he brought it to New' Y8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2o the US in 1955 to treat schizophrenia, rhe MAO inhibitors (MAOi) were used for depression in the 1950s and the tricyclic8.1 HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY IN THE UNITED STATES213antidepressants (TCA) were used beginning in the 1960s. Lithium was approved for bipolar disorder in the early 1970s. With the ad Ebook Forensic science: Part 2vancement of scientifically based treatments, diagnostic precision became more important as different treatments were targeted for different psychiatrEbook Forensic science: Part 2
ic entities.American psychiatry developed and published, in 1952, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I) |6| to standardize8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2l disorders. However, the differential treatment options (antipsychotic medications, MAOis, TCAs and lithium) required greater specificity and sensitivity in diagnostic acumen.In the early 1970s. the National Institute of Mental Health developed the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) precisely to es Ebook Forensic science: Part 2tablish sensitivity, specificity, validity and inter-rater reliability in psychiatric diagnosis of mental disorders. Using the findings from the RIX?Ebook Forensic science: Part 2
research, the APA developed DSM-III |8|, which included for the first time inchisionary criteria and exclusionary criteria for individual diagnoses. W8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2n the book.Since 2000, the DSM-1V-TR has been the scientific standard for psychiatric diagnosis in the United States. In the courts and legal arena, this standard can only be modified by demonstrating intervening updated research accepted by the scientific community as valid and reliable. Currently, Ebook Forensic science: Part 2 the APA is updating to a future DSM-V through scientific work groups and committees.Similarly, there are scientific evidence-based treatments that arEbook Forensic science: Part 2
e accepted within the scientific and academic psychiatric community, rhe Food and Drug Administration certified medications and treatments for specifi8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2therapy, cognitive therapy, motivational interviewing, rational emotive behavior therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, relapse prevention therapy (for addictive disorders) and some others as being indicated for specific disorders and efficacious. Unlike the DSM, which is the ‘gold standard' for d Ebook Forensic science: Part 2iagnosis, there is no single text for treatments which is of the same stature. There are many excellent texts on psychiatric treatment, and these areEbook Forensic science: Part 2
used, along with updated current scientific research, in peer-reviewed journals as the basis for many expert psychiatric opinions in the legal process8Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychologyStephen B. Billick1 and Daniel A. Martell2'New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA2Park Dietz an Ebook Forensic science: Part 2has Richard Rosner. MD's Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry second edition 1111 as the single foremost text in the US. with several other quite useful texts in addition. Within the field of child and adolescent forensic psychiatry, Elissa Benedek. MD has published with co-authors a serie Ebook Forensic science: Part 2s of books over her career focusing on the issues of juveniles and their psychiatric needs in the legal arena. Her latest book. Principles and PracticEbook Forensic science: Part 2
e of Child and Adolescent Forensic Mental Health\ 121, is the leading text currently available.214CH08 FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY8.2HGọi ngay
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