Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
The global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2lmost every level to contain the disease.•Local people must be fully involved in an outbreak response.•Communities cannot intentionally empower themselves without first understanding the underlying causes of their powerlessness.•Ebola preys on love for family and friends and leads to unsafe behaviou Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2rs and resistance to efforts to change traditional practices.•Community fears can be quickly alleviated when people are engaged and informed about theEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
purpose of specific decisions.The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa occurred between 2014 and 2016 and was the largest on recoThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 215c). The outbreak saw a rapid transmission of the disease within and across three countries: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Tile person-to-person mode of transmission also allowed the EVD to be spread through international travel to other countries such as to the United States. The imported cas Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2es provoked intense media coverage and public anxiety and heightened the reality of a risk to all countries. This ignited a global Ebola response althEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
ough the disease never truly posed a global risk to public health.The Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were The global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2t almost every level, from early detection to delivering an8182 The global Ebola virus disease responseappropriate response. Ebola outbreaks have occurred in Africa in the past, for example, in Equatorial Africa when the spread of the disease had mainly been through healthcare facilities (Hewlett an Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2d Hewlett 2008). However, in West Africa the Ebola virus outbreak behaved differently and was influenced by cultural and geographical influences and aEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
weak surveillance system. Fear also became a cause of transmission of the disease as people left their homes, sometimes taking the Ebola virus with tThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ovia and Conakry), which further increased concerns of an even more rapid spread of the disease in densely populated slum areas.Several key factors have been identified as directly contributing to the rapid spread of the EVD in West Africa, including the health systems, healthcare workers and poor t Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ransportation services. Hi is was exacerbated by a high degree of population movement across the porous borders of the three countries that created diEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
fficulties in contact tracing and led to patients seeking treatment elsewhere. Endemic infectious diseases including malaria, cholera and Lassa fever The global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2rs was a preferred option for many people, and traditional customs and beliefs such as returning home to die, unsafe burial practices and secret societies increased the risk of disease transmission. Access to communities by agencies to help prevent the disease was inhibited by resistance caused by t Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ear, rumour and professional malpractice. Early health messages emphasised that the disease was extremely serious and had no vaccine, treatment or curEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
e. Although intended to promote protective behaviours these messages increased fear, rumour and resistance. The Ebola outbreak demonstrated the lack oThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2d Nations (UN) Secretary General officially launched the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) on 19 September 2014. This followed the approval of a UN General Assembly resolution and UN Security Council resolution that declared the Ebola outbreak an international threat to pe Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ace and security. The main function of UNMEER was the coordination of the UN response to the EVD (Kamradt-Scott et al. 2015). The first priority in thEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
e West African outbreak was for sufficient beds for patients. This was soon met and the focus shifted to surveillance, case management, safe burials, The global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2rted number of cases continued to increase and more severe measures began to follow, for example, in Sierra Leone on 19 September 2014 a 3-day stay-at-home ‘lockdown’ period was enforced, with the threat of fines or jail if violated. During this period, health promoters went door to door in search o Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2f people showing symptoms of infection, providing information and giving out resources and information leaflets. New cases of Ebola were identified anEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
d some communities were quarantined. People violated the quarantine requirements, and the government decided to implement a modified stay-at-home inteThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2UOII ooTHE ROLE OF HEALTH PROMOTION IN PREVENTINGTHE SPREAD OF THE EBOLA VIRUSEbola control efforts must actively involve people and many agencies did learn from their earlier mistakes in the outbreak to make a genuine attempt to better engage with communities. The use of top-down tactics had a ques Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2tionable effect, potentially worsening the epidemic and contributing to a greater social and economic burden (Institute of Development Studies 2015).Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
During the Ebola response communities did understand what was required and did learn rapidly to change high-risk practices to help to reduce the transThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2 of cross-border movement, safe and dignified burials and the siting of Ebola Community Care Units.Local people must be fully involved in an outbreak response.Health promotion made an important contribution to the outbreak because it enabled people to take more control over their lives and health. C Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ommunity capacity building, participation and empowerment are intrinsic to a health promotion practice that recognises the value of a bottom-up approaEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
ch. Ulis provides real guidance to governments and agencies on how best to work with communities in future outbreaks. At the country level, the responThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2s is also the official focal point for agencies involved in delivering communication services in the response.At the local level, many community leaders recognised at an early stage the value of prevention as the best strategy to curtail the EVD. Til is included improved personal hygiene, surveillan Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2ce, community-led quarantines and the management of cross-border movement. Chiefdoms in Kono, Sierra Leone, for example, wanted their own burial teamsEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
to counter the culturally insensitive handling of the dead by the local authorities. Others wanted community Ebola cemeteries where they could bury tThe global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2y for crossinfection by the authorities, so modified guidelines were used to provide safer and dignified burial procedures. Coercion, if subtly used by authorities, can be a useful procedure, but if not, it can be counterproductive. For example, there were negative repercussions of using forced quar Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2antines by the military in Liberia, and this was responsible for a breaking down of community trust, an essential ingredient for the successful engageEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
ment of the local population in a response (ACAPS 2015).COMMUNITY-LED EBOLA ACTIONTie Community-Led Ebola Action (CLEA) approach was developed by the The global Ebola virus disease responseKEY POINTS•Hie Ebola outbreak undermined already fragile national healthcare systems that were unprepared at al Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2he global Ebola virus disease responsecommunity to take responsibility and local actions to directly address an Ebola outbreak. Il starts by enabling people to make their own appraisal and analysis of the Ebola outbreak and the likely future impacts if no action is taken. ’1 his helps to create a se Ebook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2nse of urgency and a desire to develop a community action plan. Communities can decide how they will protect families; ensure safe and dignified buriaEbook Health promotion in disease outbreaks and health emergencies: Part 2
ls; respond to sick people; utilise available health services; and create a supportive stigma-free environment for survivors, vulnerable children andGọi ngay
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