Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
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Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
www.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2l processes of phonation and resonance•Describe the perceptual signs of voice and resonance disorders•Describe voice disorders that are associated with vocal misuse or abuse, medical or physical conditions, and psychological or stress conditions• Discuss the primary components of a voice and resonan Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2ce evaluation• Describe the major goals of voice and resonance treatment, and effective voice and resonance treatment approaches and techniqueswww.dowEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
nloadslide.net226 CHAPTER 8 • VOICE AND RESONANCE DISORDERSoice is our primary means of expression and is an essential feature of the uniquely human awww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2 and the general condition of your health. Research has shown that certain characteristics of the voice reflect various personality dimensions, and these vocal characteristics correlate well with standardized tests of personality (Colton & Casper, 1990; Markel el al., 1964). Your voice is an emotion Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2al outlet that mirrors your moods, attitudes, and general feelings. You can express anger by shouting and express affection by speaking softly; theseEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
types of vocal expression have great potential to evoke emotional responses from a listener.Resonance refers to the quality of the voice that is produwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2travels through the vocal tract, an acoustic resonator that serves to enhance or reduce particular frequencies of that sound. Thus, the size and shape of the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity will directly affect the perceived sound, or quality, of your voice. In addition, the velopharyngeal me Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2chanism, responsible for coupling and decoupling the oral and nasal cavities during speech and swallowing, regulates sound energy and air pressure inEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
the oral and nasal cavities (Kummer & Lee, 1996). Recall that the production of most speech sounds requires the velum to be elevated to prevent air frwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2s/). Failure of the velopharyngeal mechanism to separate the oral and nasal cavities during speech production and swallowing is called velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI). VPI is a frequent result of malformations of the hard and soft palate early in embryonic development.In this chapter, we will extend Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2 some of the basic concepts related to normal voice and resonance, as well as discuss disorders of voice associated with vocal misuse and hyperfunctioEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
n, abnormal medical and physical conditions, and psychological and stress conditions. We will also discuss disorders of resonance related to craniofacwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2 efficacy issues, and evidence-based practices as they pertain to voice and resonance.NORMAL VOICE AND RESONANCE PRODUCTIONVocal PitchDuring one complete vibratory cycle of vocal fold vibration, the vocal folds move from a closed or adduơed position to an open or abducted position and back to the do Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2sed position.Recall from Chapter 3 that speech production begins with phonation, or sound produced by vocal fold ribration. Fundamental frequency is aEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
ssociated with the speed of vocal fold vibration and is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of complete vibrations per second.The perceptual correlawww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2 125 times per second), whereas adult women have fundamental frequencies around 250 Hz. Therefore, the perceived pitch of male voices is, on average, lower than the perceived pitch of female voices. The fundamentalwww.downloadslide.netNORMAL VOICE AND RESONANCE PRODUCTION 227TABLE 8.1Summary of lary Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2ngeal development and fundamental frequency characteristics through the lifespanTimeStructural DevelopmentFundamental FrequencyBirthLarynx positionedEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
high in the neck; vocal fold length is 3 mmAverage is about 400 Hz; unstable4 yearsLittle sex difference in vocal fold length until about 10 yearsStabwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2males; decreases three musical tones for femalesAdulthoodVocal fold length is 20 mm in men; vocal fold length is 17 mm in womenMales' average is 125 Hz; females' average is 250 Hz.Source-.- Bused onKent (1997).frequency of young children's voices can be as high as 500 Hz, resulting in a very high-pi Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2tched voice, rhe difference in vocal fundamental frequency (and resulting vocal pitch) among men, women, and children is due largely to the structureEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
of the vocal folds themselves. Hie structural changes of the vocal folds and the relationship to vocal fundamental frequency through the lifespan arc www.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2peech production. A monotonous or monotone voice is the result of not varying the habitual speaking frequency during speech production. People who use a monotone voice are not terribly interesting to listen to, and listeners quickly lose interest in what is being said. Varying the pitch of the voice Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2 also has linguistic significance. Consider these two sentences:Tom has a dog.Tom has a dog?The words in these two sentences are identical, but the seEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
ntences’ meanings are quite different. "Tom has a dog" is a statement of fact (a declarative), whereas “Tom has a dog?" is a question (an interrogativwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normal Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2pitch of your voice will decrease or fall off as you arc saying the word dog. In contrast, for the interrogative, the pitch of your voice will increase when you arc saying the word dog. How docs one change the pitch of the voice? Modifications in the length and tension of the vocal folds are necessa Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2ry to produce pitch change.Vocal LoudnessLike changing the pitch of the voice, changing vocal loudness is also necessary for adequate communication. VEbook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2
ocal loudness is the perceptual correlate of intensity, which is measured in decibels (dB). In general, as vocal intensity increases, the perceived lowww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normalwww.downloadslide.netVoice and Resonance DisordersCHAPTER LEARNING GOALSWhen you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:•Explain the normalGọi ngay
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