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Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

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Nội dung chi tiết: Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2 cleft365Higher auditory pathways372Ossicles366Vestibular system372Eustachian tube367Conclusion374Inner ear368Key learning points374Cochlea368Further

reading374Physiology of hearing369T is chapter provides an introduction to applied anatomy and physiology of the ear that is strictly of clinical rele Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

vance. See the references at the end of tins chapter for several excellent textbooks covering these topics in great detail.TEMPORAL BONEOsteology is a

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

popular traditional examination topic and opens many temporal bone courses. Some anatomists argue as to the four parts of the temporal bone, but they

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2e squamous temporal bone and tympanic ring' (a misnomer for what it is actually - a curved plate, like a gutter).T e frst challenge is to orientate th

e bone and con fdently identify It as right or le f.T e lateral surface is notable for:•T e bony external auditory canal, with the tympanic ring formi Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

ng the foor as an incomplete semi-cylinder. Note the sutures, the petrotympanic and tympanomastoid.•T e squamous temporal bone and especially the temp

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

oral line, a landmark for the level of the middle cranial fossa dura when exploring. T e overlying muscle, the temporalis, is of less importance to ea

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2o progressively cover what is initiallya very exposed stylomastoid foramen and facial nerve. MacEwan s triangle, with its spine of361362 Anatomy and p

hysiologyHenlé. IS the surface landmark for the antrum, when starting to drill into a mastoid.T e posterior surface shows (Figure 39.1):•T e internal Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

auditory canal (IAC), divided into upper and lower segments by the transverse crest, but one has to gaze deep in to see it. T e upper segment is again

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

divided by a small vertical partition. T at. not the horizontal division, is called Bill s bar. Anything nervelike that is anterior to it is the faci

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2passing in a similar plane is this much smaller canal, allowing communication between the cerebrospinal find (CSF) and cochlear perilymph (although th

ere is great scepticism as to its patency in adults).•Venous markings. It is worth recognizing the inferior and superior petrosal sinuses, as they can Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

challenge the neurosurgical approach to the IAC. T e grooves of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and jugular foramen are moreobvious. T eir clinica

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

l relevance is in septic thrombosis secondary to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) or the cranial neuropathies associated with glomus jugu la re

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2rior surface shows:•T e groove of the middle meningeal artery, actually on the medial surface of the squamous bone and exposed to trauma.•T e arcuate

eminence, a dome that is an inconsistent landmark for the superior semicircular canal.•Various nerves escaping from the roof of the middle ear. T e mo Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

st important is the hiatus for the greater super fcial petrosal nerve. Following this back is a way of fnding the geniculate ganglion and facial nerve

Ebook Logan turner diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (11/E): Part 2

from the middle fossa. T is nerve is destined to stimulate lacrimation, hence the dry eye of Bell s palsy.

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

EarSECTION III39Anatomy and physiologyLIAM M FLOODTemporal bone361External ear369External ear363Middle ear369Tympanic membrane364Cochlea370Middle ear

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