Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2
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Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2
SectionAsphyxiant Poisons■ ■26Toxic GasesToxic gases may be classified as follows:1Simple Asphyxiants—These gases displace oxygen from the ambient air Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2r and reduce the partial pressure of available oxygen Examples include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, aliphatic hydrocarbon gases (butane, ethane, methane, and propane), and noble gases (argon, helium. neon, radon, and xenon).2Respiratory Irritants—These gases damage the respirator)' tract by destroying Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Examples include acrolein, ammonia, chloramine, chlorine, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl bromide, methylEbook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2
isocyanate, oxides of nitrogen. osmium tetroxide. ozone, phosgene, and sulfur dioxide Heavy metal-related gases also come under this category (cadmiuSectionAsphyxiant Poisons■ ■26Toxic GasesToxic gases may be classified as follows:1Simple Asphyxiants—These gases displace oxygen from the ambient air Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2alised mechanisms. Examples include carbon monoxide, cyanide, and smoke. It must be noted that systemic toxicity may also be observed in the case of some simple asphyxiants and respiratory irritants, though it is not the predominant feature.Discussion of toxicity of the examples mentioned under the Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2various categories now follows, while pointing out that some of them have been discussed elsewhere (consult Index)SIMPLE ASPHYXIANTSI Carbon Dioxide (Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2
CO,)Physical AppearanceColourless, odourless, non-flammable gas which is heavier than air. In Its solid form (dry ice) it 1$ whitish 111 colour and acSectionAsphyxiant Poisons■ ■26Toxic GasesToxic gases may be classified as follows:1Simple Asphyxiants—These gases displace oxygen from the ambient air Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2nic synthesis.Clinical FeaturesFour stages have been described, depending on the arterial oxygen saturation:*Indifferent Stage:-%0. Saturation: 90%-Night vision- decreased.*Compensatory Stage:-%0j Saturation: 82 to 90%-Respiratory rate: compensatory' increase-Pulse: compensatory increase-Niglrt visi Ebook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2on, decreased further-Performance ability: somewhat reduced-Alertness: somewhat reduced-Symptoms may begin in those with significant pre-existing cardEbook Pillay modern medical toxicology (4E): Part 2
iac, pulmonary, or haematologic diseases.o Disturbance Stage:-%0: Saturation: 64 to 82%-Compensatory mechanisms become inadequate-Air hunger-FatigueSectionAsphyxiant Poisons■ ■26Toxic GasesToxic gases may be classified as follows:1Simple Asphyxiants—These gases displace oxygen from the ambient airSectionAsphyxiant Poisons■ ■26Toxic GasesToxic gases may be classified as follows:1Simple Asphyxiants—These gases displace oxygen from the ambient airGọi ngay
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