Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
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Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
PARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2HAPTER 44 ::I )ermatophytes. .spororhnx, and Other Superficial and Subcutaneous Fungi CHAPTER 45Cundxto, Aspcrg/7/us, f’not/mocystJS; and Other Opportunistic Fungi ( i R 46Cjypt/ococais, HisroplasjrKi. Goccidioidcs, and Other Systemic Fungal CHAPTER 47 PathogensCHAPTER42Fungi—Basic ConceptsFungi or Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2the Fumycota are a distinct class of microorganisms, most of which are free-living in nature where they function as decomposers in the energy cycle. OEbook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
f the more than 90 ooo known species, fewer than 200 have been reported to produce disease in humans. T esc diseases have unique clinical and microbioPARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2 T ey are spore bearing: reproducing both sexually and asexual ly. Fungi may he unicellular or may differentiate and become multicellular by the development of long-branching flaments. T ey acquire nutrients by absorption but lack the chlorophyll of plants. T c diseases caused by fungi arc called my Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2coses. I ey vary greatly in their manifestations but lend to be subacute to chronic with indolent, relapsing features. Acute disease, such as that proEbook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
duced by many viruses and bacteria, is uncommon with fungal infections.Cell organization is eukaryoticSTRUCTUREI e fungal cell has typical eukaryotic PARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2in micro f laments and lubulin-containing microtubules. Ribosomes and organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, are also present. Fungal cells have a rigid cell wall external to the cytoplasmic membrane, which differs in its chemical composition from that of b Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2acteria and plants. An important difference from mammalian cells is the sterol makeup of the cytoplasmic membrane. In fungi, the dominant sterol is erEbook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
gosterol: in mammalian cells, it is cholesterol. Fungi arc usually in the haploid state, although diploid nuclei are formed through nuclear fusion in PARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2 not contain peptidoglycan. glycerol, teichoic acids, or lipopolysaccharide. In their place are the polysaccharides mannan, glucan, and chitin in close association with each other and with structural proteins (Figure 42-2). Mannoproteins are mannosebased polymers (mannan) found on the surface and in Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2 the structural matrix of the cell wall, where they are linked to protein. T ey are major determinants of serologic specifcity because of variations iEbook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
n the composition and linkages of the polymer side chains. Glucans are glucosyl polymers, some of which form t brils that increase the strength of thePARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2inert, insoluble, and rigid and provides structural support in a manner analogous to the chitin in crab shells or cellulose in plants. It is a major component of the cell wall of f lamentous fungi In yeasts, chitin appearsPresence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulumErgosterol, not Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2cholesterol, makes up cell membraneCell wall mannan linked to surface proteinsChitin and glucans give rigidity to cell wall697698PART IVPATHOGENIC FUNEbook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2
GIFIGURE 42-1. A yeast cell showing the CÓI wal and internal structures of ti*t* fui>g.J eukaryotic < el plan. (Reproduced with penvission from WilleyPARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CH Ebook Sherris medical microbiology (6th edition): Part 2ePolar bud scarPARTPathogenic Fungi “JRa"fungi—Basic Concepts CHAPTER 42Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal infection CHAPTER 4 JAntifungal Agents and Resistance CHGọi ngay
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