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Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

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Nội dung chi tiết: Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2aths the neonatal pulmonary vascular resistance drops, pressure in the left atria exceeds that in the nght atria, and spontaneous closure of the foram

en ovale occurs.•The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is in proximity to the aortic valve.•The coronary arteries arc the first branches of the aor Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

ta.•Cardiac cells can maintain prolonged action potentials, con duct from cell to cell via gap junctions, and self-generate.•Coronary perfusion occurs

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

during diastole.•The major resistance to blood flow occurs at the level of penetrating arteries.•Myocardial oxygen demand is dependent on myocardial

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2 VSD or papillary muscle rupture.•Type A dissections require emergent operation. Vihilc type B dissections are managed conservatively.proper function

of die cardiovascular system is esse.nlial Io normal homeostasis. Alterations in the cardiovascular sys ton's ability to supply oxygen- and nutrient-r Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

ich blood re-sult in ruullijsle organ dysfunction. The heart is a comjilex ỊMiiripwith many intricate components. A thorough understanding of normal c

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

ardiovascular physiology allow tor an intricate understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Normal cardiovascular physiol ogy as well as diseas

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2mbilical vein. Roughly half of the blood from the placenta passes through lie|ulic sinusoids. while the remainder by loesses hepatic circulation flowi

ng directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) via the ductus VCX0SUÍ. In the JVC. oxygenated placenta) blood mixes with deoxygenated venous Ithxxl fro Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

m the lower extremities before en tering the right atrium. Once in the right atrium, the majority of blood (Usses directly to the left atrium via the

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

foramen ovale, thereby byyussing the pulmonary circulation, left altial blood mixes with the small amount of deoxygenated blood in the fetal pulmonary

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2val (SVC) blood from the head and upper extremities as well as coronary sinus blood and (Usses into tile right ventricle (5% to 10% of total cardiac o

utput). Since there is very high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the fetus, the majority of tight ventricular blood enters the pulmonary artery Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

(PA) and b shunted to the descending aorta via a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Roughlyhalf of the de.se ending aortic blood (Usses into paired umbi

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

lical ar leries and is returned Io the (dacenta. I be.se two fetal shunts, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and PDA, allow many neonates bom with cyanotic

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2e neonatal lungs are expanded, the PVR is greatly reduced. I llis allows increased pulmonary blood flow. With increased pulmonary blood flow, left atr

ial pressure is greater than right atrial pressure. Illis allows closure of the foramen ovale Ivy the septum primum pressed against the septum secundu Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

m. During the first days of life, this closure is reversible. When an infant cries, an increase in pulmonary pressure with a right Io left shunt throu

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

gh the foramen ovale may be present. This is manifested as cyanosis in newborns.(leisure of the ductus arteriosus results from the release of bradykin

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2nd anatomic closure occurs by day 12 of parturition. Prior to birth, locally produced prostaglandins mam tain patency of the ductus. The fibrotic, atr

ophied remnant of the ductus arteriosus is referred to as the lignuenlum artetiosum.AnatomyThe human cardiovascular system is composed of the systemic Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

circulatory system, pulmonary circulation, and heart at the center of the circulatory system. The heart is situated obliquely within the pericardial

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

sac. with one third situated to the right of tile median plane and two thirds to the left. The right ventricle abuts the sternocostal surface and form

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2spiratory SystemsFIGURE 19.1. Diagram of the human circuhtion before birth. Arrows indicate the direction of blood flow. Note where oxygenated Hood mi

xed with deoxygenated blood: in the liver fl), in else inferior vena cava (II). in the right atrium (III), in the left atrium (IV). and at the entranc Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

e of tlx- ductus arteriosus into the descending aorta (V). (From Sadler TW. lanỵ>nan'f Maiiiul Embryology. 7th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins: 1995

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

:225, with permission.)superior and IVC as well as deoxygenated blood from the coronary circulation via the coronary sinus. The right heart then pumps

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2ed to the left atrium via four posteriorly situated pulmonary veins (two sujserior and two inferior pulmonary veins). Blood from the left heart is eje

cted from the left ventride into the systemic circulation via the aorta.Valvular AnatomyThe mammalian heart is composed of tour one-way valves. Two at Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

rsovcnticular valws (mitral and tricuspid) provide unidirectional diastolic flow from I lie atria to the ventricles and allow a systolic pres sure gra

Ebook Surgical review an integrated basic and clinical science study: Part 2

dient between the atria and ventricles. The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) allow systolic flow and maintain a diastolic pressure gradient bet

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

SECTIONIVCardiovascular andRespiratory SystemsCardiovascular Disease and Cardiac SurgeryPAWN ATLURJ AND Y. JOSEPH wooKEY POINTS•On taking initial brea

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