Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2anatomy of the scalp I fractures of the skull including forensic aspects of anatomy of the skull I Meclianism of production of skull fractures I Meningeal haemorrhages with their medicolegal aspects I Mechanism of production of cerebral injuries I Medicolegal aspects of coup and contrecoup injuries Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2I Concussion I Head injuries in boxers I Spinal injuries with their medicolegal aspects I Facial, ten real, thoracic and abdominal traumaOf all the reEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
gional injuries, those of head are most common and account fur about one-fourth of all deaths due to violence, and responsible tor 6(1% of Imai rond a18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2nce, as furnished by Adelson, are listed l>clow:•rhe head is the target of choice in the majority of assaults involving blunt trauma.•On being pushed or knocked to die ground, the victim usually strikes his head.•The brain and its coverings arc vulnerable IO that degree of trauma as would rarely pro Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2ve fatal, if applied IO other parts of the body.The underlying approach of this chapter is to deal with the most common problems of forensic concern rEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
ather than to discuss the subject from the clinical aspect. The diagnosis and treatment of head ami spinal injuries arc considered in the modern textb18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2bid state, resulting from gross or subtle structural changes in the scalp, skull, and/or the contents of the skull, produced by mechanical forces". To be complete, however, it should take into account that the impact, responsible for the injury, need not be applied directly to the head.A couple of i Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2mportant dicta should always Ik- remembered in relation to craniocerebral injuries, w hich would prevent anyunnecessary theorising among the doctors aEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
s well as lawyers. These are as follows:•Any type of craniocerebral injury can be causal by any kind of IJow on any sort of head.•No form of craniocer18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2ma that causes injury to the underlying skull and/or brain. In order to appreciate the in juries efficiently from the medicolegal angle, anatomy of the various layers of scalp is being furnished as follows:Forensic Aspects of Anatomy of the ScalpThe scalp is the portion of the soft tissues of the he Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2ad extending from the eyebrows anteriorly to the Superior nuchal line jsosteri orly and laterally from one temporal line to the other. Its primary funEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
ction is to protect and insulate the skull. The scalp consists of five layers of tissues arranged in the following order (Fig, 18.1):•'rhe skin•Dense 18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2ction and insulation. The dense connective tissue layer can further be subdivided into fatty layer and a deeper membranous layer that contains the major feeding vessels of the scalp. Due to the density of the subcutaneous tissue, inflammatoryChapter 18 I271The skin is firmly united to the epicranial Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2 aponeurosis by fibrous strands in the superficial fasciaEmissary vein -(xxinectMig a vein of the scalp to an intracranial venous sinusSurface of scalEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
pSkinSuperficial fasciaEpicranial apsxieurosisLoose areolar tissue responsible for rnolxkty of layers superficial to it PericraniumOuter table of skul18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2rhage from the scalp wounds is often copious. The galea, a freely movable aponcu rosis or dense llbrous tissue, is structurally designed IO absorb the force of external trauma. It is pierced l>y numerous emissary veins that connect the veins of the scalp -witii the intracranial venous circulation, p Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2roviding an easy pathway for the propagation of infection from the scalp to the intracranial structures. The layer of loose connective tissue iKtwccnEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
the galea and the ỊKriosicum has been aptly termed as dangerous layer of the scalp. The loose eomịiosiiion of the connective tissue |»ermiis collectio18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2de. T he thickness of the scalp in adults is variable, ranging from a few millimetres to about a centimetre, dc|»cnding upon the location of the head, age and sex of the individual. In infants, the thickness may be less, but the scalp is highly clastic. Scalp thickness increases with age so that by Ebook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2puberty it approaches tile thickness of die adult scalp. From die traumatological point of view, it forms the first barrier to die impact and serves tEbook Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (5/E): Part 2
o widen and lower the peaks of transient impacts. T he intact scalp over the skull increases resisrance to skull fracture liy nearly ten times, as has18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of a18CHAPTERRegional InjuriesAfter going through this chapter, the reader will be able to describe: Injuries of the scalp including forensic aspects of aGọi ngay
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