Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
SECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Reno, NVMetabolic Roles of Major Biochemical Molecules Integration and Regulation of Metabolism Hotrnon.il Control of MetabolismVitamins and Minerals Review QuestionsOVERVIEWHie integration of metabolism is a story of supply anti demand. I mill Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2is ingested Io supply energy but must be converted Io the carbohydrate, lipid, and a mi rm acid forms the body can use, primarily gluiose and fa tty aEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
cids. Individual cells then convert I he fuels to usable energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The body dSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2o the needed energy, the body uses a variety of organs, each with unique metabolic profiles, to integrate and regulate the use and storage of energy. Specific regulatory points of biochemical pathways provide immediate control of the usage, conversion, or storage of food energy. Various hormones can Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2 also regulate these biochemical pathways to provide longerterm control of food conversion and energy usage. Essential to both of these processes is tEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
he maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Finally, vitamins and minerals serve important functions as cofactors in many of these metabolic reactions, theSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2 of energy that can be used by the body, the nutrients required for their metabolism, and the biochemical pathways that integrate them.Amino acids (Chapter 1. Figure 10-1) provide several major biochemical functions, including serving as (1) the building blocks of proteins; (2) the precursors of hor Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2mones, neurotransmitters, and other important signaling molecules (such as nitrous oxide); and (3) contributors to the purine and pyrimi-dine componenEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
ts of nucleic acids, co-enzymes (NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADHJI, and other fundamental biological molecules. Additionally, excess amino SECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2ids can be funneled into glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) during food deprivation.________Dietary proteinsBody proteins degradation------Synthesis of non-essential amino acidsAmino acid poolBody proteins synthesisGlucose.GlycogenBiosynthesis of non-protein nitrogenous tissue oonstitutents. e.g..C Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2atabohsmUrea.Ketone bodies.co2. Fatty acidsPorphyrin Creatine Hormones Neurotransmitters Purine Pyrimidines Niacin ThyroxineFigure 10-1. Summary of AmEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
ino Acid Metabolism. [Reproduced with permission from Nilik P: Biochemistry, 3rd edi lion, laypce Hr III hers Mi-diinl Publishers (p) lid., 2009.]CarbSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2bsequent metabolic pathways form the pri mary energy molecules AIP, NADU,and I ADIIjvia the oxidation of glucose and other carbohydrates (ChapterG). Storage of carbohydrates as glycogen offers a readily available source of energywhen dietary carboh yd rate intake is low (Chapter 2). Carbohydrates ar Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2e also important in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (ChapterG) and nucleic acids (Chapteri).Smail intestineFigureEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
10-2. Transport and Fate of Major Carbohydrates and Amino Adds. [Reproduced with permission from Murray RA. et al.: Harper’s Illustrated BiochemistrySECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2 the components of biological membranes, creating a lipid bilayer via their hydrophobic and hydrophilic entities (Chapters 7 and 8). Their roles in membranes as well as in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis (Chapter 16) have raised the awareness of saturated, mono-unsaturated, and polyun Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2saturated forms with regard to their role in diet. However, in adipose tissue, triglycerides are the major storage form of biological energy and theirEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
oxidation yields more energy per carbon than carbohydrates (Chapter 7). Lipolysis of triglycerides mobilizes fatty acids that generate energy throughSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2onged starvation Oxidation of both fatty acids and ketone bodies spares glucose by preventing its oxidation. The consumption of dietary cholesterol and fats has a large impact on lipid metabolism through the generation of plasma lipoproteins (chylomicrons a nd low-density lipoprotein (LDL| via very- Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2low-density lipoprotein (VLOL)j. The resultant elevation of harmful lipids/lipoproteins (dyslipidemia) has negative metabolic consequences that directEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
ly impact health and disease throughout all socioeconomic classes of modern society.Small intestineFigure 10-3. Transport and Fate of Major Lipid SubsSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2ein. (Reproduced with permission from Murray RA, et al.: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2009.)Vitamins, both lipid and nonlipid derived, serve important roles as cofactors in metabolic pathways Several diseases, including scurvy, rickets, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2e, result directly from defianemia, from the body’s inability to properly absorb them. Minerals, including sodium, potassium, chic others, play majorEbook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2
roles in the regulation of metabolic enzymes involved in digestion, in the use and/or storage of food metabolites, and in the elimination of waste proSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of N Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2hips between theiranabolic and catabolic metabolism. In this regard, the body's abilityto sense energy levels, respond to hormone signaling, and upregulate and downregulate particular metabolic pathways is paramount for the body to maintain the proper and controlled level of metabolic function and f Ebook The big picture: Medical biochemistry: Par 2or the mynad of structural and functional processes to occur, which allow life.SECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of NSECTION III APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRYCHAPTER 10 METABOLISM AND VITAMINS/MINERALSCo-authors/Editors: Maria I. Valencik and Cynthia c. MastickUniversity of NGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook